私の感想～My Impression – ページ 11 – 日本200名城バイリンガル (Japan's top 200 castles and ruins)

108.Tsurugaoka Castle Part3

You should also check out the partially remaining Chidokan domain school buildings in the third enclosure. They are the only remaining domain school buildings in the Tohoku Region, including two gates, the Confucian temple, a lecture hall and Oiri-no-ma Rooms which were used as the waiting rooms for the lord.

Features

Chidokan Domain School

You should also check out the partially remaining Chidokan domain school buildings in the third enclosure, on the opposite side of the Chidokan Museum. They are the only remaining domain school buildings in the Tohoku Region, including two gates, the Confucian temple, a lecture hall and Oiri-no-ma Rooms which were used as the waiting rooms for the lord.

The aerial photo around the castle

The interior of the buildings are also used to exhibit the history of the school and the domain. The other missing buildings’ bases can be seen outside. The surrender ceremony of the Shonai Domain to the New Government Army was held at this site during the Meiji Restoration. In addition, the site of the domain school has been designated as a National Historic Site since 1951.

Later History

Despite the defeat of the domain, it was allowed to maintain its territory while its ally, the Aizu Domain,was transferred to a much smaller and poorer land. It’s believed this was possible because of the tolerance of the government’s leader, Takamori Saigo. On the other hand, the domain had to pay large sums of money, which was mainly funded by the Honma Clan, to the government in return for it. However, since then, the people in Shonai have greatly respected Saigo and the head of the domain, including the former lord, Tadazumi Sakai, visited and communicated with him. When Saigo rebelled against the government in 1878, known as the Seinan War, two warriors of Shonai supported and died with him. Even after Saigo was defeated, Shonai people still loved his works and published his last instructions in 1890, called Nanshu-ou-ikun, (meaning “the last instructions of the old Nanshu” (Saigo’s pen name)).

*The portrait of Takamori Saigo by Edoardo Chiossone (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)*

*Tadazumi Sakai (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)*

As for Tarugaoka Castle, it was abandoned in 1871 and turned into the Tsuruoka Park with all the castle buildings being removed in 1876. However, local people have been doing their best to maintain the castle ruins in a way of each period, as we can now see.

My Impression

When I visited the ruins of Tsurugaoka Castle, I learned about its history in the three museums at the site, each which seems to focus on distinct perspectives. It felt like the Chidokan Museum focuses on the castle in the lord’s retreat, and the Taihokan Museum focuses on the famous historical local figures, and the Chidokan domain school focuses on the domain’s history. I was able to learn a lot about them in a short time and could feel the passion the locals have for passing on their culture and history to the next generations. I also want to visit Sakata City someday and its ruins of Kamegaoka Castle, which are the partner city and castle to Tsuruoka City and Tsurugaoka Castle.

The entrance of the retreat in the Chidokan Museum

The entrance of the lecture hall in the Chidokan domain school

How to get There

If you want to visit there by car, it is about a 10 minutes drive away from Tsuruoka IC on the Yamagata Expressway. There are several parking lots around the park.
By public transportation, take the Shonai Kotsu Bus bound for Yunohama-onsen from Tsuruoka Satation and get off at the Shiyakusho-mae bus stop.
From Tokyo to the station: Take the Joetsu Shinkansen super express and transfer to the Inaho limited express at Nigata Station.

The parking lot beside the eastern entrance

That’s all. Thank you.
Back to “Tsurugaoka Castle Part1”
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108.鶴ヶ岡城　その３

一部残っている藩校致道館の建物にも行ってみて下さい。東北地方では唯一現存している藩校の建物です。二つの門、聖廟、講堂、そして藩主の訪問時に使われた「御入りの間」が残っています。

特徴、見どころ

藩校致道館

また、致道博物館とは反対側の三の丸にある、一部残っている藩校致道館の建物にも行ってみて下さい。東北地方では唯一現存している藩校の建物です。二つの門、聖廟、講堂、そして藩主の訪問時に使われた「御入りの間」が残っています。

城周辺の航空写真

建物の中は、藩校や藩の歴史についての展示も行っています。今はなくなってしまった他の建物跡は、屋外に平面展示されています。明治維新のときの、庄内藩の新政府軍への降伏式はここで行われました。また、この藩校があった範囲は、1951年以来、国の史跡に指定されています。

その後

庄内藩は戦いに敗れましたが、その領地を維持することを認められました。一方、同盟を結んでいた会津藩は、狭く貧しい土地に移動させられていました。この大きな差は、新政府のリーダー、西郷隆盛が庄内藩に対して寛容を示したからだとされています。しかし、庄内藩はその代償として新政府に対し、主には本間家から用立てされた莫大な献金をしなければならなかった一面もあります。それでもそれ以来、庄内の人たちは西郷を大いに尊敬し、前藩主の酒井忠篤（さかいただずみ）など藩の首脳たちは西郷の許を訪れ、交流を重ねました。1878年に西郷が政府に反乱を起こしたとき（西南戦争）、庄内の２人の士族が西郷とともに戦い、命を落としました（もっと多くの庄内人も加わろうとしましたが、周りに引き留められたそうです）。西郷が敗れた後も、庄内の人たちは彼を敬愛し続け、1890年には西郷の教えをまとめた「南洲翁遺訓」を出版しました。

西郷隆盛像、エドアルド・キヨッソーネ作 (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

酒井忠篤 *(licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)*

鶴ヶ岡城に関しては、1871年に廃城となり、1876年には城の全ての建物が撤去され鶴岡公園となりました。しかし、地元の人たちは、現在見られるようなそれぞれの時代に応じたやり方で、城跡の維持に最善を尽くしています。

私の感想

鶴ヶ岡城跡を訪れたとき、現地にある３つの博物館でその歴史を学ぶことができました。そして、それぞれの博物館には特徴があったように思います。致道博物館では、隠居所に城についての展示が多くありました。大宝館では郷土の偉人についての展示が、藩校の致道館では藩の歴史についての展示がありました。短時間で多くのことを学ぶことができましたし、地元の人たちの文化や歴史を次世代に伝えていこうとする熱意も感じることができました。また、鶴岡市と鶴ヶ岡城と両輪の関係にあった酒田市や亀ヶ岡城跡にも行ってみたいと思っています。

ここに行くには

車で行く場合：山形自動車道の鶴岡ICから約１０分かかります。公園の周りに駐車場がいくつもあります。
公共交通機関を使う場合は、鶴岡駅から湯野浜温泉行の庄内交通バスに乗って、市役所前バス停で降りてください。
東京から鶴岡駅まで：上越新幹線に乗って、新潟駅で特急いなほ号に乗り替えてください。

リンク、参考情報

・鶴岡公園（鶴ヶ岡城址）の紹介、鶴岡市
・「シリーズ藩物語　庄内藩／本間勝善著」現代書館
・「藩祖・酒井忠勝　展示解説書」致道博物館
・「よみがえる日本の城１７」学研

これで終わります。ありがとうございました。
「鶴ヶ岡城その１」に戻ります。
「鶴ヶ岡城その２」に戻ります。

124.Shinagawa Batteries Part3

The ruins of Shinagawa Batteries are very useful for telling people about what happened in the past. Visual historical items are significantly better than only records or explanation boards.

Features

Looking around N0.3 Battery Ruins

The ruins of the No.3 Battery as the Daiba Park is connected to the seaside by a marine walkway. The walkway was added when the park was established, that means the battery had originally been isolated. As you get close to the battery, you will see its characteristic stone walls using the Hanedashi system. The system refers to all the stones on the top row are layered to prevent enemies from invading, which emulated European castles. This system is rarely seen in other Japanese castles only in Goryokaku, Tatsuoka Castle and Hitoyoshi Castle which were built or renovated at the end of the Edo Period. In fact, this is the only spot where you can see them close by because it is prohibited for visitors to approach the stone walls from the other sides.

The aerial photo of the No.3 Battery

The Hanedashi system of the No.3 Battery

You can’t approach other stone walls of the battery in other places

You can land at the battery by using steps like boarding a ship. You can next see a close view of the battery. It is a large square with one side being 160m long and its perimeter is higher than the center. There are few remaining original items, so some visitors might not notice that it is a ruin without the knowledge of its history. If you walk on the perimeter which is made with earthen walls from the entrance, the view is so nice. You can see Odaiba Seaside Park on the left, the Rainbow Bridge and the No.6 Battery on the right, and Tokyo Bay ahead.

You can land the battery by using these steps

Walking on the earthen walls of the perimeter

The No.6 Battery on the left and the Rainbow Bridge on the right

Ruins regarding Guns

There are two imitations of gun platforms on one side of the perimeter opposite the entrance. However, they are not actually real and should not be considered even as replicas, according to historians. In addition, there were thick and long earthen protective walls called “breastworks” in front of cannons, but they seem to have collapsed. There were also earthen side walls dividing the canons to protect gunners from blasts, but were removed after the battery being abolished. This side was definitely the front line against enemies.

The protective walls around the guns have been lost

The ruins of the gun powder magazines are facing downward inside the front side walls, which are surrounded by earthen banks. There was the building for the magazine inside the banks, but it was demolished. There is now a stone-made item like a cocking stove instead, but it is not original for the battery. In addition, the banks are partially supported by stone walls which were built to recover them from the damage of the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923.

These stone walls were built after the earthquake

The ruins of the ammunition chambers are at other sides. The chambers were solidly built with a stone hut and wooden racks deep in the earthen walls. This was because ammunition was the most dangerous item in the battery, which might have caused accidents or explosions. We can now see the stone hut ruins behind earthen mounds around which were added later than when the battery was active, maybe for preservation.

One of the ruins of the ammunition chambers

Ruins of Pier and Barrack

In the flat central part of the battery, there are only the stone foundations of the barrack. The barrack was a simple wooden building with no baths for the warriors to rest in. They would escape from the barrack if a battle happened before it would be burned.

The ruins of the pier are at the next corner to the current entrance. Visitors can not enter it, but only see it from the inside. The concreted part was worked in the later period, which might have been used when the park was developed.

There are also remaining earthen walls in front of the pier, which is called “Ichimonji-tsutsumi” (meaning the bank like the Chinese letter for one which is a horizontal line). This structure was made to ensure visitors could not see inside and the defenders could protect the battery from enemies’ attacks from the tier as the original entrance.

The remaining earthen walls called Ichimonji-tsutsumi

My Impression

I think the ruins of Shinagawa Batteries are very useful for telling people about what happened in the past. Visual historical items are significantly better than only records or explanation boards. The waterfront area of Tokyo has been very important for the economy of the whole country. All the batteries ruins could have been removed. The decision of Tokyo Metropolitan which owns the ruins was so great. Now, just one thing, I would like the government to replace the imitation of gun platforms at the site with realistic replicas to make visitors better understand what the battery would have looked like.

The two imitations of gun platforms on the No.3 Battery

That’s all. Thank you.
Back to “Shinagawa Batteries Part1”
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