2023年1月 – ページ 9 – 日本200名城バイリンガル (Japan's top 200 castles and ruins)

139.Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle Part2

You can experience the strength of the castle.

Features

Castle Ruins you can access easily

Today, the ruins of Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle are very easy to access for visitors. If you drive to the ruins from the former Echizen Province, you can access them just by going through the tunnel in the mountain where the castle was built. It may be difficult for us to imagine how tough it was to attack from the province in the past. The ruins have also been well developed for visitors. There are no castle buildings, but the foundations, some excavated stone walls, and some relics remain at the site.

The route coming to the ruins, seen from the top of the mountain

The miniature model of the castle ruins, exhibited by the Wakasa Kuniyoshi Castle Historical Museum

You will first see the Wakasa Kuniyoshi Castle Historical Museum at the foot of the mountain. This is where the Sagaki magistrate’s office was built in the past. You can learn a lot about the history of the castle including the reason for why the castle was so strong. You can next go to the valley below the mountain where the Main Hall was built when the castle was active. There are tiered foundations where some advanced stone walls were discovered, which shows they were used until the final stages of the castle.

The aerial photo around the castle

Climbing steep slope to Top of Mountain

The next, will be the trail to the top, where you can experience the strength of the castle. This trail is not original, but good enough for us to imagine what it was like. The top is about 140m from the foot, but you may feel too high for the actual height. You have to climb the very steep zigzagged trail for a very long time.

You need to pass a wire netting gate in order to shut animals

From Second Enclosure to Ditch

You will eventually reach the area beside the ruins of the Second Enclosure, at around half of the trail. You can take a rest and see the ruins. The enclosure is still surrounded by the thick earthen walls forming a gate of the castle. The original trail came to the gate and went to the top. Historians speculate not using stone walls at the enclosure means it was abandoned earlier.

Going back to the trail, you have to try to climb it again. If you were an enemy, the defenders could shoot guns and arrows, and throw the stones and wood, so you would not stand a chance. However, you will eventually reach the ditch in front of the top, seeing some remaining stone walls covering it. These stone walls were destroyed in the upper part when the castle was abandoned, were buried naturally, and excavated recently. You can also see many Stone Buddha Statues gathered which may have been left for throwing when enemies actually attacked.

Arriving at the ditch in front of the top of the mountain

The stone walls were partially excavated

Stone Buddha Statues gathered in one place

To be continued in “Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle Part3”
Back to “Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle Part1”

139.佐柿国吉城　その２

城の強さを体感できます。

特徴、見どころ

簡単に行けるようになった城跡

現在、佐柿国吉城跡へは容易に行くことができます。もとの越前国から車で城跡に行くときには、城が築かれた山を貫くトンネルを通るだけですぐに到着します。過去に越前国からこの城を攻撃するときの困難さは、現在の私たちにとって想像するのは難しいかもしれません。城跡もビジター向けによく整備されています。城の建物は残っていませんが、基礎部分、発掘された石垣、遺物などがこの地に残っています。

最初に、山麓にある若狭国吉城歴史資料館が見えます。過去にはここに佐柿奉行所の建物がありました。ここでは、城の歴史や、なぜこの城が強力だったかなど多くを学ぶことができます。次に、山下の谷部分に進みます。ここには城が健在だったときに御殿が築かれていました。基礎部分が階段状に残っていて、当時としては先進的な石垣が見つかっていて、城の最後の段階まで使われていたと考えられています。

城周辺の航空写真

急坂を登って山上部分へ

次は頂上に向かう山道です。そこではこの城の強さを体感できることでしょう。この山道はオリジナルではありませんが、元はどんなだったか想像するには十分だと思います。頂上は、麓から比高約140ｍのところにありますが、実際よりもずっと高く感じるかもしれません。かなり長く思われる間、とても急で曲がりくねった道を上っていかねばなりません。

二の丸から堀切へ

そうするうちに、山道の中途辺りにある二の丸の脇に至ります。二の丸を見学しながら休憩ができます。この曲輪は分厚い土塁に囲まれていて、城の門を形成しています。オリジナルの城への山道もこの門を通って頂上に向かっていました。歴史家は、この曲輪で石垣が使われていないということは早い時期に放棄されてしまったのではないかとしています。

山道の方に戻ると、再び登っていかなければなりません。もし敵だとしたら、守備兵は鉄砲や弓矢を放ち、石や木材を投げ落としてくるでしょう。とても立っていられないはずです。それでも、何とか頂上の手前にある堀切にたどり着きます。表面をいくらか石垣が覆っています。この石垣は、城が廃城となった時上部が破壊され、自然に埋もれていったのが最近になって掘り出されました。多くの石仏が一か所に集められているのが見えます。敵が攻撃してきたときに投げつけるために置かれていたものと言われています。

「佐柿国吉城その３」に続きます。
「佐柿国吉城その１」に戻ります。

139.Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle Part1

An impregnable castle on the border of Wakasa Province

Location and History

Katsuhisa Awaya reclaims Castle

What is now Fukui Prefecture was divided into Echizen Province in the Northeast and Wakasa Province in the Southwest. In the 16th Century during the Sengoku Period, the Asakura Clan governed Echizen while the Takeda Clan owned Wakasa. Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle was in Wakasa Province near the border between both provinces. Sagaki comes from the name of the area around the castle and Kuniyoshi originates from the name of the person who first built the castle sometime before the Sengoku Period. People at that time usually called it “Sagaki Castle” and the other name “Kuniyoshi Castle” became popular later. As a result, historians and history buffs often call it Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle, using both names.

The location of the castle

Comparing the Asakura and Takeda Clans, Asakura were much stronger than Takeda. Asakura tried to extend their power to Wakasa Province, in response, Takeda wanted to rely on Asakura. However, Takeda’s retainers, such as one of the senior vassals, Katsuhisa Awaya, rebelled against them. Katsuhisa reclaimed an abandoned castle to prevent the Asakura Clan from invading Wakasa Province, called Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle. The castle was built on a steep mountain with a height at 197m near the border of Echizen Provence. People who went in or out of Wakasa Province had to pass a ridge beside the mountain, so the castle was the pivot of defense for the province. The lord of the castle usually lived in the Main Hall on the valley below the mountain, but used the mountain part when a battle broke out.

Asakura Clan′s troops are repelled 5 times

The relief map around the castle

The Asakura Clan attacked Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle 5 times between 1563 and 1567 to crush the rebellion. However, all the attacks failed because the rebel army and the castle were so strong. The battles between them occurred as follows. The warriors, their families, and other people around the castle gathered on the mountain carrying ammunition, stones, and wood. Meanwhile, some defenders hid in ambush beside the route to the castle. When the attackers got close to the castle on the route, the defenders made a surprise attack on them. After that, when the attackers climbed up to the mid slope on the mountain, the defenders shot guns and arrows, and threw the stones and wood all together. Many of the attackers were hit and fell into the valley, forcing the rest to withdraw. In addition, when the attackers looted property and crops away from the town and fields near the castle, the defenders made a night attack on Asakura’s positions. As a result, the castle was considered to be impregnable.

The imaginary drawing of Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle, exhibited by the Wakasa Kuniyoshi Castle Historical Museum

Castle is involved with Battle over Country

A fortunate opportunity for Katsuhisa came in 1570 when the great warlord, Nobunaga Oda attacked the Asakura Clan. Nobunaga visited Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle during his invasion of Echizen and praised Katsuhisa’s military achievement. The battle between Oda and the Asakura lasted until 1573 when the Asakura Clan was defeated. Nobunaga gave Wakasa Province to one of his senior vassals, Nagahide Niwa whom Katsuhisa served. Times rapidly changed after Nobunaga was killed in the Honnoji Incident in 1582. Nobunaga’s former retainers, Hideyoshi Hashiba and Katsuie Shibata were against each other for the initiative. Katsuie was in Echizen Province while Nagahide supported Hideyoshi. That meant Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle became a castle at the tense border between two provinces again.

The portrait of Nobunaga Oda, attributed to Soshu Kano, owned by Chokoji Temple, in the late 16th century (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

The portrait of Nagahide Niwa, owned by Historiographical Institute the University of Tokyo *(licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)*

Katsuhisa’s boss, Nagahide was responsible for constructing Azuchi Castle, famously built by Nobunaga Oda. That meant Nagahide had advanced techniques for improving castles. Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle had basically been made of soil, but was fortified using stone walls. In the end, the battle between Hideyoshi and Katsuie happened in another place before Hideyoshi won. During the unification of Japan by Hideyoshi followed by the Tokugawa Shogunate, the castle changed hands several times. The castle still continued to be improved using stone walls, but the mountain part was eventually abandoned. Instead, only the Main Hall part in the valley was used because it was convenient for the government. In 1634 when the Sakai Clan, the lords of the Obama Domain including Wakasa Province, built the Sagaki magistrate’s office, the castle was entirely abandoned.

The imaginary drawing of Azuchi Castle, exhibited by Gifu Castle Museum

The ruins of the Sagaki magistrate’s office

To be continued in “Sagaki-Kuniyoshi Castle Part2”