私の感想～My Impression – ページ 13 – 日本200名城バイリンガル (Japan's top 200 castles and ruins)

60.Ako Castle Part3

According to Historians, The 47 Ronin assaulted Kira due to their Samurai Spirit. If it’s true, why is the story still so popular among many current Japanese people?

Features

Many Attractions in Main Enclosure

The Main Enclosure is compact and all surrounded by stone walls and water moats, so you can easily see its complex layout. There are three entrances to it but only two of them are available excluding Hanebashi-mon (meaning Draw Bridge Gate) in the back of the southern side.

The aerial photo around the Main Enclosure of the castle, the red markers indicates its three entrances

The stone walls and water moats of the Main Enclosure

The front gate of the northern side was restored and has the Masugata system as well.

The other one of the eastern side, called Umaya-guchi-mon (meaning Stable Side Gate), was also restored. The gate was simple but the stone walls around are bent elaborately to protect the gate from guns and arrows from the walls.

There was the Main Hall inside where the lords including Asano (Takumi-no-kami) lived. Now, there is a flat exhibition of the hall instead, where you can see its layout and what rooms were in it.

The layout of the Main Hall drawn in the illustration during the Edo Period, from the signboard at the site

The large stone wall base for a Main Tower stands out at its corner and you can climb it and see the view of the area around from the top.

There is also a small but beautiful pond garden which is designated as a National Place of Scenic Beauty, together with that of the Second Enclosure.

Later History

After the Meiji Restoration, Ako Castle was abandoned and all the castle buildings were sold or demolished. Most of the moats were buried and turned into fields and residences area with other castle’s land. The Main Enclosure was used as a school until 1981. The Oishi Shrine was established in 1912. The restoration of the castle started in 1935 where the moats in front of the Main Enclosure were re-dug. Since then, many other buildings and structures of the castle have been restored probably because of the popularity of the incident and Ronin. The ruins have been designated as a National Historic Site since 1971.

The old photo of the Main Enclosure front gate, from the signboard at the site

*The old photo of the Second Enclosure gate, from the signboard at the site*

The ruins of Ako Castle in the 1930’s *(licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)*

My Impression

I honestly say I don’t like the Ako Incident story because there was no good reason for killing Kira (in addition, in the very popular play “Chushin-gura” based on this incident, Asano cuts Kira at the front (in fact, it was from the back) after Kira’s bullying due to Asano refusing the huge bribe or Asano’s wife refusing Kira’s love). Historians say this was done due to Bushi-do (the Samurai Spirit) which refers to their devotion to their master or domain with honor and pride even without any reasons. If it’s true, why is the story still so popular among many current Japanese people? I guess it’s because they still have the same or similar devotion to Samurai in the Edo Period as they sometimes look devoted to their boss or company without any reasons to survive. I also speculate that Oishi might have understood his master was mad but he didn’t have any other choice.

*A Ukiyoe-painting of Asano assaulting Kira in the Edo Castle, attributed to Kuniteru Utagawa (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)*

How to get There

If you want to visit there by car, it is about a 10 minutes’ drive away from Ako IC on the Sanyo Expressway. There are several parking lots around the castle ruins.
By public transportation, it takes about 15 minutes on foot to get there from JR Banshu-Ako Station.
From Tokyo or Osaka to the station: Take the Sanyo Shinkansen super express express and transfer to the Sanyo Line at Himeji Station or the Ako Line at Aiou Station.

That’s all. Thank you.
Back to “AKo Castle Part1”
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60.赤穂城　その３

歴史家によれば、四十七士は結局武士道を貫くために討入りを実行したということですが、なぜこの物語が現在の日本人にも人気があるのでしょうか。

特徴、見どころ

様々な要素が詰まっている本丸

本丸はコンパクトで、全て石垣と水堀によって囲まれています。そのため、容易にその複雑なレイアウトが見て取れるでしょう。本丸の出入口は３つありますが、裏側の南の方角にある刎橋門（はねばしもん）以外の２つの門が通行可能です。

城周辺の航空写真、赤いマーカーは３つの出入口の場所を示しています

北側にある正面の本丸門は復元されていて、ここにも桝形があります。

もう一つの門は東側にある厩口門（うまやぐちもん）で、こちらも復元されています。この厩口門は簡単な構造ですが、周りにある石垣が巧みに曲げられていて、そこから銃や矢で攻撃することで門を守れるようになっています。

本丸内部には御殿があって、そこでは浅野内匠頭を含む歴代の城主が住んでいました。現在では、代わりに御殿の平面展示があり、そのレイアウトと、何という部屋があったのかわかるようになっています。

本丸の隅の方には、大きな天守台石垣が目立っています。天守台の上に登ることができ、そこから周辺の景色を眺めることができます。

また、本丸内には小さくも美しい池泉庭園があり、二の丸にある庭園とともに国の名勝に指定されています。

その後

明治維新後、赤穂城は廃城となり、城の全ての建物は売却されるか、撤去されていきました。ほとんどの堀も埋められ、他の城の土地とともに畑や住宅地になっていきました。本丸は1981年まで学校用地として使われました。大石神社は1912年に設立されています。城の復元事業は1935年に始まり、本丸前の堀が掘り返されました。それ以来、赤穂事件や四十七士の人気もあいまって、城の多くの建物や構造物が復元されています。城跡自体は1971年以来、国の史跡に指定されています。

１９３０年代の赤穂城跡、朝日新聞社「新日本大観附満州国レンズを透して見たニッポンのガイドブック」より (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

私の感想

正直申し上げて、私はあまり赤穂事件の話が好きではありません。吉良を殺すためのまともな理由が見いだせないからです。ちなみに赤穂事件を基にした有名な忠臣蔵の芝居においては、浅野が吉良への莫大な賄賂を断ったり、吉良が浅野の妻への横恋慕を断られたために、吉良が散々意地悪したのを耐えかねた浅野が吉良を正面から切りつけた（史実では背後から）ことになっています。歴史家によれば、それが武士道（理由はなくとも、名誉と誇りにかけて、主君や藩に尽くす行為）なのだということですが、それが本当だとしても、なぜこの物語が現在の日本人にも人気があるのでしょうか。思うに、結局多くの日本人は今でも、江戸時代の武士たちと同じか似たようなメンタリティを持っているからではないでしょうか。現代の日本人も度々、生き残るために他に何の理由もなく、上司や会社に対して忠誠を尽くしているように見受けられるからです。更に推測するに、もしかすると大石は、自分の主君が乱心を起こしていたと知りつつ、それでも他にやり様がなかったのかもしれません。

「仮名手本忠臣蔵」三段目、塩谷判官（浅野）が高師直（吉良）に切りつける場面、歌川国輝作 *(licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)*

ここに行くには

車で行く場合：山陽自動車道の赤穂ICから約１０分かかります。城跡周辺にいくつか駐車場があります。
公共交通機関を使う場合は、ＪＲ播州赤穂駅から歩いて約１５分かかります。
東京または大阪から播州赤穂駅まで：山陽新幹線に乗って、姫路駅で山陽本線に乗り換えるか、相生駅で赤穂線に乗り換えてください。

リンク、参考情報

・国史跡赤穂城跡(兵庫県赤穂市)　公式Webサイト
・「東大教授の「忠臣蔵」講義／山本博文著」角川新書
・「逆説の日本史１４　近世爛熟編／井沢元彦著」小学館
・「よみがえる日本の城４」学研
・「日本の城改訂版第２０号」デアゴスティーニジャパン

これで終わります。ありがとうございました。
「赤穂城その１」に戻ります。
「赤穂城その２」に戻ります。

18.Hachigata Castle Part3

I climbed Kuruma-yama Mountain to its top to confirm that the idea of the attackers firing upon the castle in the battle in 1590 would was realistic.

Features

Well-Restored Dry Moats

Zigzagged large dry moats with wooden fences between the Third and Second Enclosures, which allowed the defenders to attack enemies’ sides, have also been restored. Only two routes were available between them – the one via the Main Route and the other via the well restored Umadashi system. Also, if you compare the two enclosures, you will find the Third is higher than the Second. In other castles, the Second (which is closer to the Main Enclosure) is usually higher than the Third. However, in the case of Hachigata Castle, it is the other way around. In addition, the Third Enclosure had strong defense systems with four Umadashi which are originally designed by the Hojo Clan. That’s why author, Jun Ito says the Hojo Clan might have moved the center of the castle from the Main Enclosure to the Third in the final stages of the castle.

The aerial photo around the castle. the red markers indicates the four Umadashi systems

The dry moats between the Third and Second Enclosures

The Umadashi system connecting the Third and Second Enclosures

The Third Enclosure is higher than the Second one

Panorama of Main Enclosure

A paved car road goes between the Second and Main Enclosures, so it may be difficult to imagine what it used to look like. According to information at the Hachigata Castle History Museum, there used to be a large gate to the Main Enclosure and a wooden bridge over the deep dry moat in front of the gate.

The map around the castle

The paved car road between the Second and Main Enclosures

The part of the entrance to the Main Enclosure in the diorama

The enclosure has the other peak of the castle, standing beside a 30m tall cliff. no castle buildings remain, and it is purely made of soil, but the ground is still leveled so you can imagine the Main Hall for the lord as it was in the past. You can enjoy a great view of the Arakawa River and the surrounding area from the peak. You can also understand how the castle was naturally protected.

You will finally reach the Sasa Enclosure, near the tip, which is lower than the Main Enclosure. It is another entrance to the castle ruins, beside Shoki-bashi Bridge.

The Shoki-bashi Bridge beside the castle ruins

The tip area is a private area where visitors can’t enter, so you can only see this area from the opposite side of the river. If you cross to the opposite, you should check out another great view of the castle ruins on the cliff from the Tamayodo riverbed beside the bridge.

The tip area seen from the opposite side

The castle ruins seen from the Tamayodo riverbed

Later History

At the beginning of the Showa era (around 1930), the JR Hachiko line was planned to be constructed through the ruins. Locals argued the plan needed to be changed and asked the government to preserve the ruins. They were successful and the ruins was designated as a National Historic Site in 1932. Yorii Town excavated and researched the Second, Third and Sasa Enclosures between 1997 and 2001. Based on these achievements, the town developed the Hachigata Castle Park and restored some structures of the castle. It also opened the Hachigata Castle History Museum in 2004 to display and educate people about the history of the castle and the studies into it.

My Impression

I climbed Kuruma-yama Mountain to its top to confirm that the idea of the attackers firing upon the castle in the battle in 1590 would was realistic. It is widely accepted that General, Tadakatsu Honda brought large guns, fired upon the castle, and broke the Main Gate. The mountain is 227m above sea level and about 100m above the castle, which is about 1km away (the Third Enclosure). A view of the castle ruins from above was actually not good because of the trees surrounding. My conclusion is that not all of the wildly accepted lore is correct. I think the firing itself is the fact, because a large gun shell of several cm in diameter was excavated from the Outer Enclosure of the castle. However, I don’t think shooting from the mountain would have been useful. In the winter campaign of the siege of Osaka in 1614, Ieyasu Tokugawa borrowed the large Western guns and fired upon Osaka Castle from his stronghold on a river delta , about 500m away the castle. Considering this case, shooting at the castle using (probably) Japanese guns 24 years previously, from more than 500m away, even from a mountain could not be done. My speculation is that Tadakatsu put his stronghold on the mountain but fired upon the castle from a place much closer to it than the mountain.

The Kurumayama Mountain seen from around the southern entrance of the ruins

I could just see part of the Main Enclosure from the top due to the trees surrounding

The portrait of Tadakatsu Honda, owned by Ryogenji Temple (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

The relief map around Hachigata Castle

The relief map around Osaka Castle, using the same reduced scale as above

How to get There

I recommend using a car when you visit the castle ruins because there are only a few buses available. It is about a 20-minute drive away from Hanazono IC on the Kanetsu Expressway. There are several parking lots in the park.
If you want to use public transportation, it takes about 30 minutes on foot to get there form Yorii Station.
From Tokyo to Yorii Station.: Take the Tobu-Tojo line from Ikebukuro Station, or take the Joetsu Shinkansen super express from Tokyo Station to Kumagata Station, and transfer to Chichibu Railway.

That’s all. Thank you.
Back to “Hachigata Castle Part1”
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