173.Nitakayama Castle Part2

Today, the ruins of Nitakayama Castle have been well developed for visitors as a hiking course. The course is the same or similar to the original main route of the castle. If you go on a path from the entrance of the route, you will find the path going beside a ridge on the right.

Features

Defensive system using Natural Terrain

Today, the ruins of Nitakayama Castle have been well developed for visitors as a hiking course. The course is the same or similar to the original main route of the castle. If you go on a path from the entrance of the route, you will find the path going beside a ridge on the right. There is a shrine called Kojinsha on the ridge, but it was said to be a barbican enclosure to protect the route from enemies.

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Main Route Entrance
Leaflet, © OpenStreetMap contributors
The map around the castle

The entrance of the main route
The route goes beside the ridge on the right
The Kojinsha Shrine on the ridge

After you see a large direction board, you will continue to walk the route beside another ridge on the left. The ridge was used as Kane-no-dan (meaning the bell enclosure) to control the route. This enclosure was said to be one of the oldest parts in the castle, which might have been used as a branch of Takayama Castle, the former home of the Kobayakawa Clan.

The direction board on the way
The bell enclosure is on the ridge on the left
The bell enclosure
The bell enclosure on the location map in the direction board, marked by the red circle

The route next goes on a bridge over a river on the valley, to another ridge. The bridge might have been destroyed when a battle happened. The route goes beside the three-tiered ridge on the right, which were protected by guard houses similar to barracks. As you saw so far, the route was built strongly by using only natural terrain.

The road goes over the river on the valley
The ruins of the guard houses are on the right
The ruins of the guard houses
The guard house ruins on the location map in the direction board, marked by the red circle

Takakage Kobayakawa hosted his father there

You will soon reach a spacious area on the middle of the mountain, called “Kyoshinji-Temple Ruins”. This temple was built in 1577 by Takakage Kobayakawa, the lord of the castle, to pray for the repose of his father, Motonari’s soul after his death. The temple was moved to another place near Mihara Castle after Nitakayama Castle was abandoned. You can still see lots of fragments of roof tiles and some remaining stones or rocks on the ground, which the temple left. In addition, the record of Motonari’s stay in this castle in 1561 says that there was a temple in the castle, where Takakage’s brother, Takamoto stayed in, and which had the same or similar name as the one mentioned above. Therefore, Historians speculate that there was also the Kaisho building, where their ceremonies were held, in this site at that time.

The ruins of Kyoshinji Temple
You can see lots of fragments of roof tiles
Some stones or rocks, used for the temple, remain
The Kyoshinji Temple Ruins on the location map in the direction board, marked by the red circle

You can go further to the top area of the castle via a zigzagged path. You will eventually be at Naka-no-maru (meaning the central enclosure) which is placed between the main enclosure on the right (or the east) and the western enclosure on the left (or the west). This enclosure seemed to have been a pivot point of the castle. The western enclosure was built to monitor and control another route to the castle from this direction. This route is gentler than the main route you used, so many artificial vertical moats were built on the slope to prevent enemies from invading the castle easily. However, you still need to hire a guide to see them clearly because the western area has still not been developed for general visitors.

The central enclosure
The western enclosure
The central enclosure on the location map in the direction board, marked by the red circle

Main Enclosure with few remaining Stone Walls

You will finally walk up to the main enclosure which was surrounded by stone walls using huge stones or rocks. Most of them were removed and brought to Mihara Castle when Nitakayama Castle was abandoned. However, you can still see a few remaining stone walls on its base, so you may imagine what the original stone walls looked like. The entrance of the enclosure has been built as a defensive square space, called Masugata, where the main gate building was also constructed. It was said that the building was moved to the current Koshinji Temple (now called Sokoji) as its gate. The inside of the main enclosure is an empty space, where only stone foundations remain at its corner. These foundations were probably used for the main hall or the pavilion where Takakage hosted his father.

Going to the main enclosure
The few remaining stone walls on the base
Walking up to the entrance of the main enclosure
The entrance seen from the inside, the square shape of the entrance slightly remains
The stone foundations in the main enclosure

To be continued in “Nitakayama Castle Part3”
Back to “Nitakayama Castle Part1”

173.新高山城 その2

現在、新高山城跡はビジター向けにハイキングコースとしてよく整備されています。城のオリジナルの大手道と同じか似たルートのようです。大手道入口から小道に入っていくと、右側にある峰に沿って進んでいきます。

特徴、見どころ

自然の地形を生かした防御システム

現在、新高山城跡はビジター向けにハイキングコースとしてよく整備されています。城のオリジナルの大手道と同じか似たルートのようです。大手道入口から小道に入っていくと、右側にある峰に沿って進んでいきます。この峰の上には荒神社(こうじんしゃ)という神社がありますが、かつては敵から大手道を防御するための出丸であったと言われています。

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大手道入口
Leaflet, © OpenStreetMap contributors
城周辺の地図

大手道入口
右側の峰に沿って進みます
峰の上の荒神社

道に戻ると大きな案内板があり、大手道はそこから左側にある別の峰に沿って進んでいきます。この峰は、鐘の段という曲輪として使われていて、大手道をコントロールしていました。この曲輪はこの城では最も古い部分の一つと言われていて、小早川氏の以前の本拠であった高山城の支城として使われていたかもしれない場所です。

途中にある案内板
左側が鐘の段
鐘の段
案内図における鐘の段の位置(赤丸内)

大手道は次には谷沿いの川にかかった橋を渡り、また別の峰の方に移動します。かつてここにあった橋は、戦いが始まれば意図的に落とされたことでしょう。道は今度は右側にある三段構造となっている峰沿いに進みます。ここにはかつて守衛のための番所があって、兵舎のような建物があったと思われます。ここまで見た限りでは、大手道は自然の地形を生かして、強固に守られていたことがわかります。

谷川を渡って進みます
右側が番所跡
番所があった場所
案内図における番所跡の位置(赤丸内)

小早川隆景が父親をもてなした場所

そうするうちに、山の中腹にある「匡真寺(きょうしんじ)跡」と呼ばれる広々とした場所に至ります。この寺は1577年に、城主の小早川隆景によって、父親の元就の死後、その菩提を弔うために建築されました。新高山城が廃城となった後は、三原城に近い場所に移されました。地面の上には寺に由来すると思われる多くの瓦の破片や、一部だけ残っている石や岩が見えます。補足すると、1561年の元就が城に滞在した記録によれば、城には隆景の兄、隆元が宿泊した寺があり、先ほど述べた「匡真寺」と同じか似たような名前でした(「巨真寺」または「栖真寺」と記載されています)。よって歴史家は、儀式が開かれた会所の建物も、当時この場所にあったと推測しています。

匡真寺跡
瓦の破片が散乱しています
石垣の一部や加工された岩が残っています
案内図における匡真寺跡の位置(赤丸内)

更に進んでいくと、ジグザグの道を経由して城の頂上部に近づいていきます。やがて、右側(東側)ある本丸と左側(西側)にある西の丸に挟まれた、中の丸に着きます。この曲輪は、城の要の場所であったようです。西の丸は、この方向から城に向かうもう一つのルートを監視し、コントロールするために築かれました。このルートはこれまで登ってきた大手道よりはなだらかです。よってその斜面には多くの竪堀が作られ、敵が城を容易に攻められないようになっていました。ところが、これら西の丸周りの史跡を見るにはガイドをお願いする必要があります。この辺りはまだ一般のビジター向けには整備されていないからです。

中の丸
西の丸
案内図における中の丸の位置(赤丸内)

石垣が一部残る本丸

ついに本丸に向かって登っていきます。本丸は、大きな石や岩によって築かれた石垣によって囲まれていましたが、ほとんどは新高山城が廃城となったときに撤去され、三原城に持ち去られました。しかし、足下の部分にはいくらか残っている石垣を見ることができます。オリジナルの石垣がどんなだったか想像はできるかもしれません。本丸の入口は、桝形と呼ばれる四角い防御のためのスペースとなっています。かつては大手門の建物もありました。この大手門は、移転した匡真寺(現在は宗光寺という名前になっています)に移築され、寺の山門になったと言われています。本丸の内部は何もありませんが、角の方に礎石群が残っています。これは恐らく、御殿か、隆景が父親をもてなした別亭の基礎として使われたのではないかと思われます。

本丸に向かいます
足下にのみ残る崩れた石垣
入口に向け登っていきます
内部から見た桝形、わずかにその形が残っています
本丸内部に残る礎石群

「新高山城その3」に続きます。
「新高山城その1」に戻ります。

13.Shirakawa-Komine Castle Part3

Go along the former Oshu Road to the north until you get near Abukuma River, and look back to the left, you will see another great scenery. It is 180m long stone walls on a hill along the river, called Komine Castle Eastern Stone Walls.

Features

Walking around Main Enclosure

If you want to see other attractions of the castle, you can get out of the main enclosure through the ruins of Sakura-no-mon (meaning the cherry gate) to walk around the stone walls of the enclosure on the belt enclosure, the lower tier of the main portion. The ruins of Tsukimi-Yagura (meaning the moon viewing turret) are in front of the gate ruins of the enclosure, which look very strong with their remaining stone wall base.

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Sakura-no-mon Gate Ruins
Leaflet, © OpenStreetMap contributors
The map around the main enclosure

The ruins of Sakura-no-mon Gate
The entrance of the belt enclosure
The ruins of Tsukimi Turret seen from the second enclosure below
The back of the Tsukimi Turret Ruins

The belt enclosure surrounds the western and northern sides of the main enclosure. You can feel relaxed by walking on the belt enclosure, while enjoying looking at the great, long and high stone walls of the main enclosure. These stone walls look well-maintained. However, they collapsed heavily during Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 and were repaired by Shirakawa City for the following eight years (completed in 2019).

The western part of the belt enclosure
The great stone walls of the main enclosure
The northern part of the belt enclosure
The explanation board of the stone walls being destroyed by the earthquake and repaired later on

You will eventually reach the other gate ruins of the belt enclosure, called Ya (arrow)-no-mon. You can see a great view of the three-level turret at the northeastern edge of the main enclosure on the right. However, if you were an enemy, the defenders would attack you through the turret’s machicolations and loopholes facing you.

The ruins of Ya-no-mon Gate
The turret seems to look targeting you

Going to Outside of Castle

Another recommendation for you is to visit the former third enclosure, which is the east of the main portion. It has turned into the city area mainly including public facilities. There is only one remaining castle building among the area, the Taiko-Yagura Turret, which was originally used beside the Taiko-mon Gate in the second enclosure. It was moved to a private sector, converted to a tea room, and finally moved to the current position where it has been since 1930.

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Taiko TUrret
Leaflet, © OpenStreetMap contributors
The map around the castle

The Taiko Turret has become a tea room

If you go further to the east until the National Route 294 (the former Oshu Road), go along the road to the north until you get near Abukuma River, and look back to the left, you will see another great scenery. It is 180m long stone walls on a hill along the river, called Komine Castle Eastern Stone Walls. In fact, they were recently discovered when the pine trees on the hill were cut down for the bypass road constructions. They must have been built to protect the castle from the threats from the north. These stone walls connect to the back gate of the castle, which opens to the north, but you can’t go directly to the gate due to the construction site between them.

Komine Castle Eastern Stone Walls
Looking the stone walls from the bridge over the Abukuma River
No entry is allowed around the stone walls due to the constructions
The ruins of the back gate

My Impression

While visiting the well-remaining structures and restored buildings of Shirakawa-Komine Castle, I felt the strong intentions of Nagashige Niwa, the builder of them, to protect the castle from possible enemies from the north. He must have been one of the few lords to do it properly and quickly. I also think that the history during the Boshin War lets us to know that such a strong castle had a weak point and could not survive without enough soldiers and proper instructions

The three-level turret seen from Abukuma River, north of the castle

How to get There

If you want to visit there by car, it is about a 10-minute drive away from Shirakawa-Chuo Smart IC on the Tohoku Expressway.
There is a parking lot in the park.
By public transportation, the castle is very near the JR Shirakawa station. You can even see the nice view of the three-level turret from the platform.
From Tokyo to the station: Get the Tohoku Shinkansen super express and transfer to the Tohoku Line at Shin-Shirakawa Station. The destination will be the next station.

The castle ruins seen from the platform of the station

That’s all. Thank you.
Back to “Shirakawa-Komine Castle Part1”
Back to “Shirakawa-Komine Castle Part2”

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