内容～Content – ページ 119 – 日本200名城バイリンガル (Japan's top 200 castles and ruins)

167.Shingu Castle Part2

Castle ruins with a mysterious atmosphere

Features

Developed as Tankaku Castle Park

Today, the ruins of Shingu Castle have been developed by Shingu City as the Tankaku Castle Park. The park actually has a mysterious atmosphere because it consists of the castle ruins, the ruins of an amusement facility developed in the Showa Era, and the modern park facilities. It has two entrances but they were not originally for the castle. If you enter it from the main entrance on the western side, you will walk up the stairs to the hill for a while.

The map around the castle

Walking up the stairs from the main entrance

Then, you will eventually walk on the original Main Route which comes from another side and meets at some point. You can see the rest of the original route goes down, but you can not to go there directly over the poles and ropes.

The meeting point with the original Main Route

If you want to go there, you need to go around the residential area which surrounds the route.

The remaining sone walls among the residential area

Enclosures surrounded by Precise Stone Walls

There are four enclosures on the hill, which are the Matsunomaru, Kanenomaru, Main, and Barbican from the west to the east, with only the stone walls remaining. The Matsunomaru Enclosure is the first one from the Main Route, whose entrance is a defensive square space surrounded by stone walls, called Masugata. This enclosure also has the route to the Water Supply Enclosure beside the river, it should have been the pivot point for defense.

The entrance of the Matsunomaru Enclosure

The next is the Kanenomaru enclosure which has another Masugata entrance. Its stone walls were well processed and piled with precision, in a method called Kirikomi-Hagi. It had had the Main Hall for the lord in Asano’s period, but the hall was moved to the Second Enclosure at the foot during Mizuno’s period. It now has a square and a Japanese Garden which was probably built when it was used as a Ryokan or a traditional Japanese style hotel in the Showa Era.

The entrance of the Kanenomaru Enclosure

*The stone walls of the Kanenomaru Enclosure* seen from the foot of the hill

Main Enclosure with complex design

You will next reach the Main Enclosure, which has a more complex design. Basically, it has many different kinds of great remaining stone walls. First, it has doubled front gate ruins, especially, the second one is surrounded by stone walls piled with the most precision in the castle, using a method called Kikko-zumi or Piling like Tortoise Shell.

The map around the Main Enclosure

From the first gate ruins to the second gate ruins

The stone walls of the second gate ruins, built using a method called Piling like Tortoise Shell

Second, the stone walls of its Back Gate Ruins show an excellent surface treatment.

Finally, the stone walls surrounding the enclosure are curved elaborately like a folding screen called Byobu-ore which made it possible for the defenders to counterattack to the enemies’ side.

The stone walls of the Main Enclosure, like a folding screen

The top of the folding screen stone walls

These stone walls have two tiers with the upper one being newer which was built by the Mizuno Clan, contrasted by the older lower tier which was built by the Asano Clan. The enclosure looks like a museum for stone walls.

The stone walls of the Main Enclosure have two tiers, but the lower one is covered with grass

The stone walls of the Main Enclosure, seen from the Matsunomaru Enclosure

Unfortunately, the stone wall base for the Main Tower had mostly collapsed due to a typhoon in 1952. Only one side of it remains.

The few remaining stone wall base for the Main Tower

On the other hand, the enclosure was also heavily modified by several stairs and paths which could have been built using the collapsing stone walls. The added structures are supposed to have been built for the amusement facility during the Showa Era. Visitors may be confused to see these structures made of stones because there are not enough explanations for it.

The stone steps which were added in a later period

The enclosure is mixed with the original structures and added ones later

To be continued in “Shingu Castle Part3”
Back to “Shingu Castle Part1”

167.新宮城　その２

不思議な雰囲気を持った城跡

特徴、見どころ

丹鶴城公園として整備

現在、新宮城跡は新宮市により丹鶴城公園として整備されています。この公園には実に不思議な雰囲気があります。この公園は、城跡そのものに加え、昭和時代のアミューズメント施設跡と、現在の公園としての設備がミックスされているからです。公園には入口が２か所ありますが、両方とも城のオリジナルのものではありません。西側の正面入口から入ってからしばらくは、丘の上に向かって階段を登っていきます。

城周辺の地図

そうするうちに、違う方向から伸びてくるオリジナルの大手道と合流します。合流地点からは、その大手道が下っているのが見えますが、ポールにロープが張ってあって直接その道を通ることはできません。

その大手道を歩いてみるには、周辺の住宅街の方に回り込んで行く必要があります。

精密な石垣に囲まれた曲輪

丘上には、松ノ丸、鐘ノ丸、本丸、出丸の４つの曲輪が西方から東方に向かって並んでいます。現在では石垣のみが残っています。松ノ丸は、大手道から進んで最初に着く曲輪です。その入口は、桝形と呼ばれる、石垣に囲まれた四角い防御空間となっています。この曲輪からは、川沿いにある水ノ手郭へ向かう通路もあり、ここは防御の要の場所だっだのでしょう。

その次は鐘ノ丸で、この曲輪にも桝形があります。ここの石垣は、切り込みハギと呼ばれる、加工された石を精密に積み上げる方法で築かれています。浅野時代にはこの場所に御殿があったのですが、水野時代には丘の麓の二ノ丸に移転しました。現在は広場になっていますが、恐らくは昭和時代にここに旅館があったときに作られた日本庭園もあります。

複雑な構成の本丸

進んでいくと、本丸に到着しますが、ここは更に複雑な構成になっています。基本的に本丸には異なった種類の多くのすばらしい石垣があります。まず、ここには二重の正門跡があり、とりわけ二番目の門跡は、亀甲積みと呼ばれる方法による、この城では最も精巧に築かれた石垣に囲まれています。

本丸周辺の地図

次に、搦手門跡の石垣には、当時としては最も高度な表面加工処理（面取り、谷目地により石表面を高く膨らませる石化粧法）が施されています。

更に、本丸を囲む石垣は、屏風折れと呼ばれる、石垣のラインを巧みに曲げる方法で築かれ、城の守備兵が攻めてくる敵の側面を攻撃できるようになっています。

本丸の石垣は二段積みになっていて、上段は水野氏によって後から築かれたもので、下段の方は浅野氏によって築かれた古い時代のものです。本丸はまるで石垣の博物館のようです。

しかし残念ながら、天守台石垣は、1952年の台風被害によりほとんど崩れてしまっています。１面のみ残っている状況です。

一方、本丸には大きく改変されている部分があり、その崩れた石垣を使って作られたのであろう階段や通路があります。これらは昭和時代のアミューズメント施設が建設されたときに設置されたものと思われます。こういった後付けのものについての説明が十分ではないため、ビジターはこれらの石造りのものを見て、少し困惑してしまうかもしれません。

「新宮城その３」に続きます。
「新宮城その１」に戻ります。

167.Shingu Castle Part1

A castle with advanced stone walls

Location and History

Singu City has Long History

Shingu City is located in the southern part of Wakayama Prefecture, around the estuary of Kumano-gawa River. It has a rich nature and a long history. It even has a tradition that Jofuku of the Qin Dynasty in ancient China. He arrived in search of the elixir of life. It is also known for the location of Kumano Hayamizu Taisha, one of the three main Kumano Shrines. Because of the location, the Chief Priest or Betto of Kumano Shrines had governed the area. However, the Shrines’ power decreased during the Sengoku Period when many battles happened.

The Jofuku Park in Shingu City (*licensed by 663highland via Wikimedia Commons)*

Kumano Hayamizu Taisha Shrine (*licensed by 663highland via Wikimedia Commons)*

Tadayoshi Asano builds Castle, followed by Shigenaka Mizuno

Instead, a local lord of the Horiuchi Clan got the power to govern. In 1600 when the Battle of Sekigahara occurred, the clan supported the Western Squad. That resulted in the clan’s destruction because the Eastern Squad, led by Ieyasu Tokugawa who was the founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate, won. The shogunate sent the Asano Clan to Kii Province, what is modern day Wakayama Prefecture, as its lord. The Shingu area was governed by Tadayoshi Asano, the clan’s relative, who first built Shingu Castle.

The range of Kii Province and the location of the castle

The area prospered as a junction for water transportation connecting Kumano-gawa River and the Pacific Ocean. Wooden materials such as the Kumano Cedar were gathered in and carried from there using it. People, who had been called the Kumano Navy in the Sengoku Period, operated it. Tadayoshi needed to control them by building the castle, which was built on a hill called Tankaku-yama near the estuary of the river. He was also required to make the castle strong because some local warriors and farmers called the Kitayama Uprising were against him. In 1614, the uprising people actually tried to attack the castle, but were repelled by the Asano troops with the former Navy people.

Part of the illustration of Shingu Castle in Kii Province, exhibited by the National Archives of Japan

The castle was once abandoned in 1615 because of the Law of One Castle per Province by the Tokugawa Shogunate. However, Tadayoshi was allowed to start rebuilding the castle probably at the same place in 1618 for some reasons. After he was transferred to another territory by the shogunate, the Tokugawa Clan owned the province. The clan was one of the three branches of the Tokugawa Family, based in Wakayama Castle as the Kishu Domain. A senior vassal of the clan, Shigenaka Mizuno entered Shingu Castle following the construction that Tadayoshi Asano launched. The construction continued for many years and was finally completed in 1667.

The portrait of Shigenaka Mizuno, owned by Kinshoji Temple (*licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)*

Advanced Stone Walls and Water Supply Enclosure used for Trading

The castle had several buildings on the hill, including the three-level Main Tower. However, one of the most important features of it have been its advanced stone walls. The construction of the castle was done in the later period than those of other castles in Japan. This was because building new castles were basically not allowed after the law in 1615. Methods of processing and piling stone walls were much improved until then. Shingu Castle was one of the few cases which could enjoy the advanced technology completely.

Another outstanding feature of it was Mizunote or the Water Supply Enclosure below the hill along the river. This was used as a port probably for the Navy at the first stage of the castle. However, in the peaceful time of the Edo Period, there were a lot of storage rooms for charcoal in the enclosure. It is thought that the charcoal was delivered from the castle to sell to large cities like Edo and Osaka. The Kii Domain made a profit on it. This was a rare example of economic activities which were done in Japanese castles.

THE charcoal, unearthed in the enclosure, , exhibited by Shingu City Museum of History and Folklore

To be continued in “Shingu Castle Part2”