138.Echizen-Ohno Castle Part2

Visit both the castle and the castle town.

Features

Four Trails to Top

Today, Echizen-Ohno Castle is part of Kameyama Park on the mountain. There are four trails to the top of the mountain. Only one of the four routes called Hyakken-zaka is the original one which is zigzagged and steep.

The map around the castle

The original route called Hyakken-zaka

If you want to walk on a gentle slope, you can use other routes such as the Southern Route. The walk takes about 15 to 20 minutes. If you choose the Southern Route and climb up stone steps after the walk, you will arrive at the Main Enclosure on the top.

The Southern Route
The stone steps to the Main Enclosure
You will reach the Main Enclosure

Old Stone Walls and Rebuilt Main Tower

The enclosure is surrounded entirely by the old stone walls which Nagachika Kanamori originally built. These stone walls were piled up using natural stones in an old way called Nozura-zumi. They look wild but were built wisely. Part of them seemed to have been re-piled when the castle buildings were rebuilt in the present time.

The stone walls surrounding the Main Enclosure
The rebuilt Main Tower on the stone walls

What you see on the stone walls is the rebuilt Tenshu which was constructed in 1968. It doesn’t resemble the original Tenshu of Echizen-Ohno Castle which looked like combined halls. It looks like a typical Main Tower which people in Japan usually imagine as Tenshu. The reason why such a Tenshu was built was probably because people in this area wanted it. The Tenshu building is actually a modern building which is also used as a historical museum and an observation platform. You can learn more about the castle inside.

The rebuilt Main Tower, its shape is different from the original one
The interior of the Main Tower

From the top floor, you can enjoy a great view of Ohno city area including the old castle town and Inuyama Mountain where the old castle before Echizen-Ohno Castle was built.

A view of the Inuyama Mountain side from the Main Tower
A view of the Castle Town side from the Main Tower

Attractions at Foot of Mountain

You can also visit other attractions of the castle at the foot of the mountain. There is an educational complex in the Second Enclosure now called Meirin. The facilities include a primary school and a community center. The short part of the water moat remains in front of the facility.

The Second Enclosure seen from the Main Tower
The Second Enclosure with the water moat

There is the restored house of the Uchiyama Clan, a senior vassal family of the Ohno Domain. There is also the remaining warrior’s house of the Tamura Clan around.

The restored house of the Uchiyama Clan
The remaining warrior’s house of the Tamura Clan

Attractive Castle Town

If you have time, I recommend walking around the old castle town. For example, the morning market is held every day excluding midwinter at the Shichiken Street in the merchant area. A famous spring spot called Oshouzu is near the temple area. It was used by the lord of the castle. There are a lot of springs in this town, which have been used for domestic water since the town was developed.

The Shichiken Street
The spring spot called Oshouzu

You can also see zigzagged streets at several points, which were made to prevent enemies from attacking the castle easily.

One of the zigzagged streets

To be continued in “Echizen-Ohno Castle Part3”
Back to “Echizen-Ohno Castle Part1”

138.越前大野城 その2

城と城下町両方に行ってみましょう。

特徴、見どころ

4つの登山道

現在、越前大野城は山上にある亀山公園の一部となっています。山頂にいくには4つの登山道があります。4つのうち、1つだけが元からあった道で、百閒坂と呼ばれ、急で曲がりくねっています。

城周辺の地図

百閒坂

緩やかな道を登っていきたければ、南登り口など他の登山道を選ぶこともできます。15分から20分くらいの登りになります。もし、南登り口から登ったとすると、登山道を歩いた後石段を上がっていくと頂上の本丸に到着します。

南登り口からの登山道
本丸に至る石段
本丸に到着します

古い石垣と復興天守

本丸は全体を古い石垣に囲まれていて、これはもとは金森長近が築いたものです。この石垣は、野面積みという古い方法により、自然石を使って積み上げられています。野性的で粗野にも見えますが、巧みに築かれています。一部分は、現代になって城の建物が再建されたときに積み直されているようです。

本丸を囲む石垣
復興天守と石垣

石垣の上には、1968年に建てられた復興天守が乗っています。その天守は、館が組み合わされたようなオリジナルの天守とは違う姿をしています。通常日本人がイメージしている典型的な高層の塔の姿です。このような天守が建てられたのは、おそらくこの地方の人たちがそう望んだからなのでしょう。天守の建物は、実際には現代的なビルで、歴史博物館や展望台としても使われています。その中で、この城のことをより学ぶことができます。

オリジナルとは違う形の復興天守
天守内部

最上階からは、古くからの城下町や越前大野城の前に使われていた城があった戌山など、大野市一帯の素晴らしい眺めを楽しめます。

天守からの眺め(戌山側)
天守からの眺め(城下町側)

山麓の見どころ

山麓には、他にも城に関する見どころがあります。二の丸には、「めいりん」という複合教育施設があります(藩校の「明倫館」が名前の由来とのこと)。小学校や公民館などが含まれています。その施設の前には、短いですが水堀(百閒堀)の一部分が残っています。

天守から見た二の丸
二の丸と百閒堀

近くには、大野藩の家老であった内山氏の屋敷が復元されています。また、周辺には田村氏の武家屋敷が現存しています。

内山家の復元屋敷
田村家の現存屋敷

魅力的な城下町

お時間があれば、古くからの城下町を歩いて回られたらいかがでしょう。例えば、商店街の七間通りでは、朝市が真冬期を除いて毎日開催されています。寺町の近くには、「御清水(おしょうず)」という有名な湧水池があります。ここの水は、城主ご用達だったとのことです。この町には多くの湧水池があり、城下町として最初に開発されたときから生活用水として使われてきました。

七間通り
御清水

また、いくつかの場所では道がジグザグに作られており、これは敵が城を簡単に攻撃できないように作られた仕組みです。

ジグザグに作られた町の通り

「越前大野城その3」に続きます。
「越前大野城その1」に戻ります。

138.Echizen-Ohno Castle Part1

Nagachika Kanamori built the unique Tenshu and the castle town.

Location and History

Nagachika Kanamori, retainer of Nobunaga Oda, builds Castle

Echizen-Ohno Caste was located in Ohno Basin in the eastern part of Echizen Province, what is now Fukui Prefecture. The Asakura Clan governed the province until 1573 during the Sengoku Period when the clan was defeated by Nobunaga Oda. The Ikkoshu Sect once took over the province, but Nobunaga defeated them again in 1575. Nobunaga gave the area around Ohno Basin to his retainer, Nagachika Kanamori, who was distinguished in the battle. This area connected the western, seaside part of the province and Hida Province inland. It was an important area for warlords to govern Echizen Province.

The location of the castle

The portrait of Nobunaga Oda, attributed to Soshu Kano, owned by Chokoji Temple, in the late 16th century {licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)
The portrait of Nagachika Kanamori, owned by Ryogenin Temple {licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

Nagachika first lived in Inuyama Castle, a mountain castle beside the basin, which the Asakura Clan used. However, Nagachika decided to build a new castle and its castle town in the basin in 1576 to make his governance stable. He seemed to build both the castle and castle town using advanced methods. These methods were similar to ones used for the historical home bases Komakiyama and Gifu Castles, which were built by his mater, Nobunaga Oda. For example, the new castle called Echizen-Ohno Castle was built with stone walls and the Tenshu building on a hill called Kame-yama in the basin.

Tue ruins of Komakiyama Castle
The present Gifu Castle
The present Echizen-Ohno Castle

Unique Tenshu and Advanced Castle Town

Tenshu basically means the Main Tower in the center of a castle. However, the Tenshu of Echizen-Ohono Castle did not look like a Main Tower. Instead, it looked like three combined halls. This was because the construction of Echizen-Ohno Castle started before the completion of Azuchi Castle in 1579, Nobunaga’s last home base. Azuchi Castle had the first Tenshu building which looked like the Main Tower in Japan. Before that, Tenshu had just meant the center building of a castle. Echizen-Ohno Castle was completed in 1580 and its Tenshu building remained for a long time. However, the Tenshu was unfortunately burned down in 1795 and not restored. If the castle survived, it would be considered quite a unique part of Japanese History and heritage.

The illustration of Echizen-Ohno Castle’s Tenshu, quoted from the leaflet of an exhibition of Ohno City
The miniature model of Azuchi Castle’s Tehshu, exhibited by Azuchi Castle Museum

Nagachika created the castle town in an advanced way as well. The town was divided orderly to accommodate warriors, merchants, craftsmen, and temples separately. Such a way to develop castle towns is commonly seen in those in the next century. His master, Nobunaga Oda created the castle town of Komakiyama from the ground up. Nagachika might have followed his master’s method. However, the Komakiyama castle town was abolished by Nobunaga. The people were forced to move with Nobunaga to his next home base, Gifu Castle. By contrast, the Echizen-Ohno castle town remains today as the city area of Ohno City. Nagachika also created Takayama Castle and Takayama town after he was transferred to Hida Province in 1586. The traditional town has now become a world-class tourist destination.

The miniature model of the castle town distribution at the ruins of Komakiyama Castle
The remaining Echizen-Ohno Castle Town
The streets and residences of Takayama City   (licensed by 663highland via Wikimedia Commons)

Doi Clan governs from Second Enclosure Main Hall

After Nagachika, the lord of the castle changed several times. The Doi Clan governed the castle and the area as the Ohno Domain throughout the Edo Period since 1682. In peaceful times, the lord of the castle lived in the Main Hall in the Second Enclosure at the foot of the mountain. The enclosure was surrounded by a long water moat called Hyakken-bori. The lords rarely used the facilities including the Tenshu on the mountain, called the Main Enclosure, because of the inconvenience of the location. In addition, it would be difficult for officials to govern. That may be why the Tenshu wasn’t restored after the fire.

The introspection model of the Second Enclosure Main Hall, exhibited by the present Echizen-Ohno Castle
The illustration of Echizen-Ohno Castle , exhibited by the present Echizen-Ohno Castle

To be continued in “Echizen-Ohno Castle Part2”