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97.Kagoshima Castle Part3

The last place where Samurais and Castles existed

Features

Melancholy Saigo Caves

Finally, please consider visiting the Saigo Caves which was the last place of Takamori Saigo and the Seinan War. This place is on the way to car road between the city area and the top of the mountain. Therefore, you can choose the timing of your visit either when you go to or return from the top. This is also another popular historical spot but there are just several caves in a line on the cliff. You may feel sad seeing them and imagining Saigo or his soldiers having to choose them as the last place, not a castle-like place.

The relief map around the castle

Later History

In the Seinan War, the remaining castle buildings of the Second Enclosure were also burned down. After that, the castle ruins at the foot of the mountain were used as schools like Kagoshima University. After the university moved to another location, the Reimeikan museum opened in the Main Enclosure in 1983. As for a historical site, the mountain part was first designated as a National Historic Site in 1931. In addition, the foot part is being added to the site based on the achievement of the recent excavation. Kagoshima Prefecture is also considering to restore other structures at Main Enclosure such as turrets and moats in the future.

The Reimeikan museum seen from the trail to Shiroyama Mountain

The illuminated Main Enclosure of Kagoshima Castle

My Impression

When I saw the Saigo Caves, I felt like Saigo had been in a guerrilla warfare. If he had fought in a final battle of the Sengoku Period, he would have stayed in a castle building such as the Main Tower, like the Toyotomi Clan used to do at Osaka Castle in the summer campaign of the siege of Osaka in 1615, or on the top of a mountain, like Masashige Kusunoki used to do at Chihaya Castle in the siege of Chihaya in 1333. However, the situation and technology had completely changed from those periods. I think Seinan War proved the end of the warriors as well as the end of Japanese castles.

The summer campaign of the siege of Osaka folding screens, owned by Osaka Castle Museum (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

The illustration of Siege of Chihaya, attributed to Yoshikazu Utagawa, in the Edo Period, owned by Minatogawa Shrine (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

How to get There

If you want to visit the castle ruins by car, it is about a 20 minute drive away from Kagoshima-kita IC on the Kyushu Expressway. There are several parking lots around the castle ruins. You can also use the parking lot of Reimeikan if you enter the museum.
If you want to use public transportation, you can take the Kagoshima City-view Bus from Kagoshima-chuo Station and get off at the Satsuma-gishihimae bus stop or take the city tram bound for Kagoshima-ekimae from the station and get off at the Shiyakusho-mae stop.
From Fukuoka to Kagoshima-chuo Station: Take the Kyushu Shinkansen super express.
From Tokyo to Kagoshima-chuo Station: Take the express bus from Kagoshima Airport after using a plane.

The Shiyakusho-mae stop of the city tram

That’s all. Thank you.
Back to “Kagoshima Castle Part1”
Back to “Kagoshima Castle Part2”

97.鹿児島城　その３

武士と城の時代が終わった場所

特徴、見どころ

物悲しい西郷洞窟

最後に、西郷隆盛と西南戦争の最後の場所となった西郷洞窟を訪れてみてはいかがでしょうか。この場所は、市街地と山の頂上を結ぶ車道の中間地点にあります。したがって、頂上まで行くときかそこから帰るときかどちらでもよいでしょう。ここも著名な史跡となっていますが、そこには崖に沿っていくつか洞窟が並んでいるだけです。洞窟を見ていると、西郷とのその兵たちが城のような場所でなく、このような場所を最後の地に選ばざるをえなかったことに悲しさを覚えるかもしれません。

城周辺の起伏地図

その後

西南戦争では、二の丸にあった城の現存建物も焼けてしまいました。その後、山麓の城跡は鹿児島大学のような学校施設として使われました。鹿児島大学が他の地へ移転した後は、1983年に本丸に黎明館が開館しました。史跡としては、城山の部分が1931年に最初に国の史跡に指定されました。更には、山麓の部分が最近の発掘の成果をもとに国の史跡に追加指定されました。鹿児島県は将来、櫓や堀（一部埋められていた部分）のような本丸の他の構造物の復元を検討しているところです。

私の感想

西郷洞窟を見たとき、西郷はまるでゲリラ戦をしたかのように感じました。もし西郷が戦国時代に最後の戦いをしようとしていたら、1615年の大坂城での大坂夏の陣の豊臣氏のように天守のような城の建物に籠城していたでしょう。または、1333年の千早城の戦いでの楠木正成のように山上に立てこもっていたでしょう。しかし、それらの時代からは状況や技術が大きく変わってしまっていたのです。西南戦争は、武士の時代の終わりとともに、（本来の使われ方という意味での）日本の城の時代の終わりを示していたのだと思います。

大坂夏の陣図屏風、大阪城天守閣蔵 (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

千早城合戦図、歌川芳員筆、江戸時代、湊川神社蔵 (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

ここに行くには

車で行く場合：九州自動車道の鹿児島北ICから約２０分かかります。城跡周辺にいくつか駐車場があります。黎明館に入館する方は、そこの駐車場を使うこともできます。
公共交通機関を使う場合は、鹿児島中央駅から鹿児島シティビューバスに乗って薩摩義士碑前バス停で降りるか、鹿児島駅前行きの市電に乗って市役所前停留所で降りてください。
福岡から鹿児島中央駅まで：九州新幹線に乗ってください。
東京から鹿児島中央駅まで：飛行機で鹿児島空港に行き、高速バスに乗ってください。

リンク、参考情報

・鹿児島県歴史・美術センター黎明館、鹿児島県
・「よみがえる日本の城１８」学研
・「日本の城改訂版第１２８、１５５号」デアゴスティーニジャパン
・「戦況図解　西南戦争／原口泉監修」サンエイ新書

これで終わります。ありがとうございました。
「鹿児島城その１」に戻ります。
「鹿児島城その２」に戻ります。

97.Kagoshima Castle Part2

There are plenty of history to see even in the museum.

Features

Main Enclosure still looks like Castle

Today, the ruins of Kagoshima Castle are used like that the Main Enclosure as the Kagoshima Prefectural Center for Historical Material called Reimeikan, the Second Enclosure as other public facilities, and Shiroyama Mountain as the Shiroyama Park. In particular, the Main Enclosure still looks like a castle today because its stone walls are still intact and its front gate was recently restored. If you stand in front of the enclosure, you may feel its pride as the home base of the Shimazu Clan.

The aerial photo around the castle

The stone walls, which are still surrounded by the water moat, are piled precisely by using well processed stones in a method called Kirikomi-hagi. An interesting thing about them is that their one corner has an internal angle of two walls, called Irisumi. This is because the corner faces the northeastern side which was thought to be an unlucky direction, called Kimon or the Devil’s Gate. People who built the castle considered that the specially built corner could prevent misfortunes from the direction.

The Irisumi part at the northeastern corner

The front gate called Goro-mon stands out between the stone walls. It has been said it is one of the largest castle gates in Japan, with its height and width of about 20m. it was restored using wood in April 2020, after 147 years since it had been burned down in 1873, based on its old photos and the remaining stone foundations.

You can enter the gate by going across the original stone bridge over the moat in front of it. Other stone walls stand inside the gate and you will need to turn right and walk on the zigzagged steps or slopes to reach the center of the enclosure. You can see an uncountable number of dents on the stone walls, which were traces of gun shot by the government army in Seinan War. They make us understand how severe the attack of the army was.

Going across the original stone bridge to enter the gate

Some of the dents on the stone walls caused by Seinan War

Wonderful exhibitions in Reimeikan Museum

The Reimeikan is an excellent historical museum, which has huge amounts of historical, folk and art items regarding the Kagoshima Prefecture. You can learn about the history including the castle and culture of the prefecture inside. There may be too many items to see in one day. I also recommend seeing very well designed miniature models of historical buildings such as Kagoshima Castle, Shibushi Castle (a local castle in the prefecture) and Izumi Outer Castle.

The miniature model of Izumi Outer Castle

There are also many dioramas of historical events which helps visitors understand more easily. I hope these good activities of the museum will continue to become more popular.

The diorama of the Tenmonkan street in Taisho Era

The diorama of the Battle of Toba-Fushimi where the Satsuma Domain defeated the Tokugawa Shogunate troops

Shiroyama Mountain like natural park

The Shiroyama Park on Shiroyama Mountain behind the Main Enclosure is easy to go to because the mountain is not so high at only 107m above sea level. You can go up a trail like walking to the top which look like a natural park rather than a historical site. This could be because the Satsuma Domain rarely used the mountain as part of the castle and banned people from entering it during the Edo Period. You can only see the trace of enclosures, which are surrounded by earthen walls, coming from the Kamiyama Clan’s mountain castle before the Shimazu Clan.

The place which is surrounded the earthen walls

Anyway, the top is a very popular view spot of Sakurajima (an active volcano island) and Kagoshima city area, where you can also enjoy the view.

A view from the platform, but Sakurajima Island hides behind the cloud

To be continued in “Kagoshima Castle Part3”
Back to “Kagoshima Castle Part1”