130.高島城 その1

かつては湖畔にあった城

立地と歴史

古い歴史を持つ諏訪地域と諏訪氏

長野県の諏訪地域は、諏訪湖や諏訪大社のような観光地で有名ですが、いずれも高島城と関係があります。諏訪大社は日本最古の歴史書である古事記に出てくる神様に由来すると言われています。その神様は、諏訪氏の祖先であるとも言われており、諏訪氏は戦国時代の16世紀前半まで諏訪郡(現在の諏訪地域と同じ範囲)の領主であり、諏訪大社の大祝(おおほうり)でもありました。そしてその頃は山城に居住していました。

諏訪湖周辺の航空写真

諏訪大社 (licensed by Saigen Jiro via Wikimedia Commons)

武田信玄による侵攻

信濃国(現在の長野県)のとなり、甲斐国(現在の山梨県)の有力な戦国大名、武田信玄は信濃国に侵攻しようとします。彼は諏訪氏を1542年に滅ぼし、諏訪郡を支配しました。武田氏は1582年に織田信長により滅ぼされますが、信長は同じ年に殺されてしまい混乱が訪れます。諏訪郡の人々は、諏訪大社の大祝であった諏訪氏の親族を新しい領主、諏訪頼忠として迎え入れました。

信濃国の範囲と諏訪郡の位置(ハイライト部分)

武田信玄肖像画、高野山持明院蔵 (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

日根野高吉が築城

16世紀の終わりに豊臣秀吉が権力を握ったとき、彼は配下の日根野高吉を諏訪郡に送り込みました。諏訪頼忠は無念にも別の国に転封となってしまいます。高吉は、西日本から当時最先端であった技術を持ち込み、諏訪湖の畔に新しい城を築き、高島城と名付けました。この城は4つの曲輪を持ち、湖に面して一列に並んでいました。一本の道が一番端にある曲輪に通じているだけで、城を守るのに適していました。

高島城の縄張り (licensed by Fraxinus2 via Wikimedia Commons)

本丸は石垣に囲まれていましたが、湖畔に築くのにはとても困難が伴いました。その石垣は実は木組みの筏の上に築かれ、軟弱な地盤でも安定するようになっていました。本丸には三層の天守もあり、その当時の東日本ではまだ珍しいものでした。また、他の城では通常天守の屋根には瓦を使っていましたが、ここの天守の屋根は杮葺きとなっていました。その理由は、木製の屋根板により軟弱な地盤上の天守を軽くすることができ、更にこの地域の寒冷な気候にも耐えることができたからです。

石垣に囲まれた本丸
元あった天守の古写真(諏訪高島城にて展示)

諏訪氏が復活して城を維持

徳川幕府が豊臣氏に代わり天下を取った後の1601年、諏訪氏は諏訪郡に戻ってきました。1600年の関ヶ原の戦いのときに幕府に大いに貢献したからです。諏訪頼忠の子、頼水は高島藩の藩主となり、高島城に居を構えました。平和な江戸時代の間、諏訪湖にたたずむ高島城の姿は、この地域の名所となり「諏訪の浮き城」と呼ばれました。葛飾北斎などの浮世絵師がこの景色を画材として描きました。一方、農地開発と洪水防止のため、諏訪湖の干拓が江戸時代を通じて行われました。高島城は湖から遠ざかっていきます。

諏訪氏の家紋「諏訪梶葉(すわかじのは)」 (licensed by Mukai via Wikimedia Commons)
葛飾北斎「富嶽三十六景」より「信州諏訪湖」、江戸時代

「高島城その2」に続きます。

30.Takato Castle Part3

Ejima lived in the latter half of her life in that land.

Later History

After the Meiji Restoration, all of the buildings in Takato Castle were demolished or sold. In 1875, the castle ruins were turned into Takato Park and the former warriors started to plant cherry blossoms in the park. Since then, the site has been developing as a site famous for cherry blossoms. They were also designated as a National Historic Site in 1973.

Around the Cherry Cloud Bridge in the cherry-blossom season (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)
The town area of Takato

My Impression

I have learned that Takato Castle was really built using natural materials and the local people made a great effort to continue maintaining the castle ruins into the future generations.

The earthen walls (on the left) and the Middle Moat (on the right) of the Second Enclosure
The ruins of the Back Gate

In addition, if you have time, I recommend that you visit the restored house for “Ejima” at the Takato Historical Museum. Ejima was a senior officer of “Ooku” or the Inner Chambers of Edo Castle, the home base of the Tokugawa Shogunate in the Edo Period. She was banished to the Takato Domain because she was late for the closing time of the castle after seeing a Kabuki play. It is said the incident was caused by an internal conflict of Ooku. She was confined in a quarantined room of the house for 27 years before her death. She was also not given any writing materials, so she was devoted to reading a sutra. People in Takato eventually respected her and the lord of the domain invited her to Takato Castle to educate the women in the castle in her last years.

The entrance of the restored house for Ejima
The room for Ejima
The house was strictly surrounded by the fences.
Ejima drawn in a Ukiyo-e Painting, she was thought that she was late for playing with a Kabuki actor. (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

How to get There

If you want to visit there by car:
It is about 30 minutes away from Ina IC on the Chuo Expressway.
There are several parking lots around the park and in the Takato Historical Museum.
By public transportation, take the JR bus (Takato line) from JR Inashi Station, and get off at the Takato bus stop. The ruins are about 15 minutes away on foot.
To get to Inashi Station from Tokyo: Take the limited express Azusa or Kaiji at Shinjuku Station, and transfer at Okaya Station to the Iida Line.

A parking lot in the park
The parking lot in the museum

Links and References

Noble ruin of the castle park, Ina City Official Website

That’s all. Thank you.
Back to “Takato Castle Part1”
Back to “Takato Castle Part2”

30.Takato Castle Part2

A castle with natural hazard that became a site famous for cherry blossoms

Features

Now, the ruins of Takato Castle has become Takato Castle Site Park which is very famous for cherry blossoms. For this reason, the park is crowded with lots of people. There are entrance fees and opening hours during the cherry-blossom season. In contrast, it is silent, free, and always open during the off seasons. This is to control the number of visitors during the peak season, as the park has only two gates in the north and south. So, it is up to you to decide when you would like to visit the park.

The map around the castle

Route to North Gate

The North Gate is the former entrance of the Second Enclosure. If you come from the town area, it would be convenient to use this entrance. After climbing up the slope to the ruins, you will see the stone walls for the Main Gate which was probably built in the Edo Period. The present route goes through the Third Enclosure to the ruins of the Back Gate.

Climbing up the slope to the ruins of the Main Gate
The stone walls for the Main Gate

You can see the structure of the Main Gate which was once moved and reduced in scale on the left, but now returned to the present position.

The structure of the Main Gate

The Third Enclosure still has a building for the Domain School called Shintoku-kan.

Shintoku-kan

Then you will reach the North Gate behind the Middle Moat. There is a large old rest house for visitors called Takato-taku which was built in 1936 inside the gate.

The North Gate of the park
Takato-taku

Route through South Gate

The map around the castle

The South Gate is the former entrance of the Hodo-in Enclosure outside the Outer Moat, which was originally a temple. If you come from the Takato Historical Museum, it would be convenient to use this entrance. From the museum, you can look up the ruins and understand how the castle was built using natural materials. The cliff of the mountain was a natural hazard for enemies in the past, but the route to the ruins is developed now.

Looking up the castle ruins from around the museum
The South Gate of the park

After entering the gate, you will go across a bridge called Hakuto-bashi or the White Rabbit Bridge on the Outer Moat.

The Hodo-in Enclosure
The White Rabbit Bridge
The Outer Moat

You will also walk from the South Enclosure inside the moat to the Second Enclosure passing another earthen bridge.

The South Enclosure
Going to the Second Enclosure
The Second Enclosure

Main Enclosure where Cherry Blossoms will be wonderful

You need to enter the Second Enclosure to reach the Main Enclosure due to the defensive layout. The Main Enclosure is the center of the castle and still surrounded by the Inner Moat. The moat is even deeper now, but mostly dry, so you can stand on the bottom of it.

The bottom of the Inner Moat

The Oun-kyo or Cherry Cloud Bridge is in front of the entrance over the Inner Moat. It is said that the spot around them is the best for taking a photo in the cherry-blossom season.

The Cherry Cloud Bridge

Its entrance gate has a traditional structure called Tonya-mon which was moved from the town area.

The Tonya-mon

You can see a very good view of the area around from the inside of the enclosure.

The Main Enclosure
A view form the Main Enclosure

The enclosure has the Taiko Yagura or Drum Turret which was originally built beside the Back Gate letting people know the time. It was moved to the present position in 1877, and rebuilt in 1912.

The Drum Turret

To be continued in “Takato Castle Part3”
Back to “Takato Castle Part1”

error: Content is protected !!