175.勝瑞城 その1

中世阿波国の中心地

立地と歴史

細川氏の守護所としてスタート

勝瑞城は、四国の阿波国(現在の徳島県)の中心地として14世紀中頃から16世紀後半まで栄えました。この城は、最初は足利幕府の重臣であった細川氏によって、この国の守護の公邸(守護所)として立ち上げられました。阿波国は肥沃な土地であり、日本の中心地であった京都にも近かったのです。また、この城は四国で一番の大河である吉野川沿いにあり、水上交通の便が良く、交易にも適していました。その結果、この城は細川氏の重要な拠点となったのです。

城の位置

三好氏の本拠地として発展

16世紀中頃、細川氏の配下であった三好長慶が細川氏に代わって権力を握りました。長慶は日本の中心地を支配するために京都の近くにあった飯盛城を居城とし、一方彼の弟である三好実休(じっきゅう)は勝瑞城に住んでいました。三好氏はもともとは阿波国出身でした。三好氏は、細川氏がそうだったように、勢力を保つためには、京都と阿波との間で緊密な連携を必要としました。例えば、兄の長慶が危機に陥ったときには、実休は阿波から大軍を率いて京都がある近畿地方で戦いました。

三好長慶肖像画、大徳寺聚光院蔵 (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)
飯盛城跡
三好実休肖像画、妙國寺蔵 (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

実休はまた、勝瑞城を拡張しました。この城は規模を拡大し、水堀に隔てられた幾つもの曲輪を持ち、そこには御殿(主殿、会所など)や枯山水の庭園がありました。発掘の結果、高価な中国製陶磁器が取り引きされ、宴会や闘鶏などの行事が頻繁に行われていたことがわかっています。この城は、自然の障壁として吉野川などに囲まれてはいましたが、城そのものには土塁などの防御のために必要な特別の構造物はありませんでした。それは、阿波国の政治が大変安定していたため、防御の必要がそれ程なかったからとも考えられます。城の水堀は、水位の調節や、貯水池としての役割があったものと思われます。このときまでは、この城は「勝瑞館」と呼ぶべきものだったかもしれません。恐らく城としての特徴的なものがなかったからです。

「勝瑞館」跡

長宗我部氏に攻略される

ところが、16世紀後半に長慶と実休が亡くなった後は、状況が変わりました。勝瑞城は、三好氏の力が弱まってくるにつれ、内輪もめや戦さに巻き込まれていきます。更には、土佐国(現在の高知県)の有力な戦国大名である長宗我部元親が、阿波国を手に入れようとしました。そこで三好氏は、そのとき日本の中心地を領有していた天下人の織田信長に助けを求めました。信長の部下で、後に信長の後継として天下人となる羽柴秀吉は、書状を送り、勝瑞はもっと防御を強化すべきだと述べています。三好氏は、勝瑞城を拡張し、高い土塁や深い水堀に囲まれた、戦さの際立てこもることができる詰めの部分を付け加えました。ここにおいて、ついに「勝瑞城」と呼べるべきものとなりました。

長宗我部元親肖像画、秦神社蔵 (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)
「勝瑞城」跡

1582年に信長が突然本能寺の変で殺された後、三好氏は単独で長宗我部氏と戦わなければならなくなりました。同じ年、勝瑞城の南で、両者による中富川の戦いが起こりました。三好氏は残念ながら敗れてしまい、勝瑞城に一月近く籠城しました。しかし、三好氏は城から撤退し、長宗我部氏はついに勝瑞城を獲得したのです。城はただちに廃城となってしまいますが、それは恐らく戦いを乗り切るのは不十分とみなされたからでしょう。その後は、阿波国では一宮城のような山城が主流となりました。

一宮城跡

「勝瑞城その2」に続きます。

77.Takamatsu Castle Part3

Will the Main Tower be restored?

Features

Remaining Stone Walls in City Area

If you have more time, how about visiting the eastern area of the park, the former Eastern Enclosure? The area was turned into a city area, but part of the original stone walls remain among modern buildings. The remaining Ushitora-Yagura Turret was originally built in this area.

The aerial photo around the castle

The remaining stone walls among modern buildings
The Ushitora-Yagura Turret was built on these stone walls

Later History

After the Meiji Restoration, Takamatsu Castle was abandoned, most of its buildings including the Main Tower were demolished, and many parts of it were turned into the city area. However, the former lords of the castle, the Matsudaira Clan bought the remaining primary part of the castle and lived in it. The part finally became the public Tamamo Park in 1955. The remaining turrets and gate were also designated as Important Cultural Properties in 1950.

The Hiunkaku Hall where the Matsudaira Clan lived after the Meiji Restoration
The remaining Ushitora-Yagura Turret

In addition, Takamatsu City is collecting records to restore the Main Tower. The tower had three-layers and four-stories. Its appearance was very rare, with the first and forth floors overhanging, called Nanban-zukuri or the Western Style. The city has confirmed its external appearance while its interior is still largely unknown. It is asking the citizens to offer old pictures and documents, even offering rewards.

The present stone wall base for the Main Tower
The old photo of the Main Tower, from the signboard at the site
The external view of the restored Main Tower, from the signboard at the site

My Impression

I’m very interested in the plan to restore the Main Tower of Takamatsu Castle. If the restoration is done, the castle may look like a floating castle on the waves again. However, the essential value of castle ruins belongs to the remaining items. In the case of Takamatsu Castle, I like the remaining Tsukimi-Yagura Turret the best, but it doesn’t stand out like it used to. I hope the officials also think about how the turret looked in the past.

The remaining Tsukimi-Yagura Turret
The reclaimed land in front of the Tsukimi Turret

How to get There

If you want to visit by car:
It is about 20 minutes away from Takamatsu IC on the Takamatsu Expressway.
You can park at Tamamo Park.
By train, it is few minutes away from JR Takamatsu Station on foot.
To get to Takamatsu Station from Tokyo or Osaka: Take the Tokaido or Sanyo Shinkansen super express and transfer at Okayama Station to the Seto-Ohashi Line. Take a train called the Marine Liner bound for Takamatsu.

That’s all. Thank you.
Back to “Takamatsu Castle Part1”
Back to “Takamatsu Castle Part2”

77.Takamatsu Castle Part2

A glimpse of Sea Castle remains.

Features

To Inside of Castle with seeing Ushitora Turret

Now, the ruins of Takamatsu Castle have become Tamamo Park (tamamo is an old Japanese word which means something like “beautiful algae”.) The range of the park is inside the inner moat and part of the middle moat of the castle. The park has several entrances, but if you drive to the ruins of the park, you can park in front of the main gate called Asahi-mon. From the parking lot, you will see a great view of the remaining three-story turret called Ushitora-Yagura with the background of some modern buildings. The turret was actually moved from the Eastern Enclosure to the present position in 1967.

The aerial photo around the castle

Ushitora-Yagura Turret that can be seen from the parking lot

You can enter the gate after walking on the Asahi-bashi Bridge over the middle moat. You will also go through a square space surrounded by large stone walls called Masugata, which was built for defense.

Entering the Main Gate after crossing the Asahi-bashi Bridge
The Masugata space in the gate

Going Third, Second Enclosures, and Main Tower Base in Main Enclosure

The inside of the gate is the riding ground enclosure or Sakura-no-Baba which is now planted with lots of cherry trees. Then, you go across the earthen bridge to enter the ruins of the Sakura-mon Gate and the third enclosure. However, as of February 2022, the gate is under construction and scheduled to be restored by the spring of 2022, so you will have to use the temporary path.

The riding ground enclosure
The earthen bridge to the Third Enclosure
The Sakura-mon Gate under the restoration
The temporary path

The third enclosure still has a traditional hall, called Hiunkaku, which is not original to the castle, but was built as the house for the former lord, the Matsudaira Clan, in modern times. It is now owned by Takamatsu City and used for ceremonies and events. The enclosure also has a Japanese garden you can enjoy looking around.

The Hiunkaku Hall
The Japanese garden in the Third Enclosure

You can go further from the third enclosure to the second enclosure and the main enclosure with the stone wall base for the Main Tower. The only way to get to the main enclosure is by crossing the restored roofed wooden bridge called saya-bashi.

From the Second Enclosure to the Main Enclosure
The Saya-bashi Bridge
The entrance of the bridge

You can also go on the top of the base and see a good city view, and inside of the base which was recently repaired. In fact, the city is considering restoring the main tower.

The stone wall base for the Main Tower
The inside of the base for the Main Tower
A view of the sea around from the base

Tsukimi Turret beside Sea in old days

I recommend you also visit the northern side of the park, which was the sea in the past. You will see the other remaining three-story turret called Tsukimi-Yagura with the remaining Mizunote-mon Gate and the Watari-Yagura Turret. The Mizunote-mon Gate was open to the sea and is the only remaining such gate. The Tsukimi-Yagura Turret is also very beautiful with many decorations. You can imagine them standing out beside the sea in the past.

Tsukimi-Yagura Turret, Mizunote-mon Gate and Watari-Yagura Turret
This area in front of the turrets and gate was in the sea
The beautiful Tsukimi-Yagura Turret

To be continued in “Takamatsu Castle Part3”
Back to “Takamatsu Castle Part1”

error: Content is protected !!