There are so many attractions to see in this castle.
Features
Entering Sawayama Route
Today, Hikone Castle site has well been developed for visitors inside the Middle Moat (the second moat from the Inner Moat). There are three routes over the moat same as the past (Sawa-guchi, Kyobashi-guchi and Funamachi-guchi). Out of them, the Sawaguchi Route is the most popular as it is close from Hikone Station and to the front entrance of the castle. If you choose the route, you will first see the remaining the Sawaguchi-Tamon Turret on the left with a distant view of the Main Tower. The entrance to the castle consists of this turret and the other restored turret on the right. After entering, you will also see the remaining Stable which in the only remaining case in castles in Japan.
The aerial photo around the castle
The Sawaguchi-Tamon Turret on the left with a distant view of the Main TowerThe Sawaguchi EntranceThe inside of the Sawaguchi EntranceThe remaining StableThe inside of the Stable
Lots of Exhibition of Hikone Castle Museum
You can go across the bridge over the Inner Moat to enter the Front Gate Ruins as the front entrance of the castle. Inside the ruins, there is the Hikone Castle Museum which looks like the past Main Hall for the lord at the same place. The museum stores over 90,000 items about the Ii Clan and Hikone Domain and exhibits about 100 items of them.
The bridge over the Inner MoatThe Inner MoatThe ruins of the Front GateThe Hikone Castle Museum
You can see the items such as the unique Ii Clan’s Red Armor, swords, tee things, Noh masks and the remaining Noh stage. In the back of the museum, you should check out the restored part of the lord’s private quarters and Japanese Garden. They were restored in traditional methods using wooden materials based on the records and excavations.
The Red Armor which was said to be used by Naomasa Ii, exhibited by the Hikone Castle MuseumA tea jar called “Setotetsuyu-Shijiko” or “The Seto iron glaze jar with four handles”, exhibited by the Hikone Castle MuseumThe remaining Noh stage, exhibited by the Hikone Castle Museumthe restored chamber of the lord’s private quarters, exhibited by the Hikone Castle MuseumThe Japanese Garden, exhibited by the Hikone Castle Museum
Strong Line of Defense around Large Ditch
Let us next climb up the mountain to the center of the castle. After walking the long, wide stone steps, you will see a huge scale deep ditch with a bridge over it. You will need to go to the Taiko-maru Enclosure on the right side of the ditch to the center. However, you will first have to go on the bottom of the ditch, turn left to the other Kanenomaru Enclosure on the left, and go across the bridge to reach the enclosure. If you were an enemy, you would be counterattacked from both sides of the ditch, and the bridge would be fallen. The remaining Tenbin-Yagura or the Balance Turret also stands behind the bridge to protect the enclosure. It is said that this turret was built by moving the Main Gate of Nagahama Castle.
The stone steps to the center of the castleThe Large Ditch in front of the Balance TurretThe area around the Large Ditch drawn in the signboard at the site, with the additional red arrow which indicates the routeTurning left to the Kanenomaru EnclosureCrossing the bridge to the Balance TurretLooking down the bottom of the ditch from the bridgeLooking down the bridge from the Balance Turret
Contrasting Exterior and Interior of Main Tower
After passing the Taiko-maru Enclosure, you will reach the remaining Taiko-mon Yagura or the Drum Gate Turret, as the entrance of the Main Enclosure. There is only the Main Tower in the enclosure, but it looks very elegant.
Going to the Main EnclosureThe remaining Drum Gate TurretA view from the Main EnclosureThe remaining Main Tower in the Main Enclosure
This is because this three-level tower has a lot of decorations such as Chinese styled gables with gold work, hip-and-gables, gable ends, bell-shaped windows and the decorated veranda.
Chinese styled gableHip-and-gableGable endBell-shaped windows and the decorated veranda
You can enter the tower to look around from the first to the top which is the third floor. The interior of the tower is practical in contrast with its exterior. You can find many hidden loopholes for guns which would be used by breaking the outside walls. The holes have been left hidden because no battles occurred. It was also found that the tower was built by moving the four-level Main Tower of Otsu Castle and reducing to three levels.
The iron doors of the Main Tower EntranceThe first floor of the towerhidden loopholes on the wallThe second floor of the towerGoing to the top floorThe top floor of the towerYou can’t go out to the veranda at the top floor of the tower
この城には、様々な魅力があります。
This castle attracts you in several perspectives.
立地と歴史～Location and History
犬山城は、その古風な天守や、眺望がよく知られています。でもこの城にはもっと知られるべき見どころがあるのです。 Inuyama Castle is known for its old Main Tower or “Tenshu” and their landscape. But the castle has more attractions you can find.
犬山城の遠景～A distant view of Inuyama Castle（taken by nagabutinana from photoAC）
国境に立地～It is located around the boder of provices
この城は最初は１５３７年に地方領主の織田信安により築かれたと言われています。木曽川の畔、４０ｍの高さの丘の上にあります。この地点は尾張国（現在の愛知県の一部）の端に当たり、尾張国と美濃国（現在の岐阜県の一部）の国境のすぐ近くでした。また、水上交通の要所でもありました。 It is said that the castle was first built in 1537 by a local clan, Nobuyasu Oda. It was located at the top of a 40m height hill beside Kisogawa River. The spot was on the edge of Owari Province ( now part of Aichi Pref.), right next to the border between Owari and Mino Province ( now part of Gifu Pref.), and it was also important for water transportation.
城の位置と尾張国の範囲～The location of the castle and the range of Owari Province
有力戦国大名の標的に～Great warlords targets it
結果として、戦国時代には多くの有力な戦国大名がこの城を手に入れようとしました。最初は、織田信長が美濃攻略の足掛かりとしてこの城を得ました。次には、豊臣秀吉が１５８４年の徳川家康との小牧長久手の戦いのときに、この城に本陣を構えました。 As a result, many great warlords aimed to capture the castle in the Warring States or “Sengoku” Period. First, Nobunaga Oda got the castle as the foothold before he invaded Mino. Secondly, Hideyoshi Toyotomi used the castle as his stronghold when he fought with Ieyasu Tokugawa in the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute in 1584.
織田信長肖像画、狩野宗秀作、長興寺蔵、１６世紀後半～The portrait of Nobunaga Oda, attributed to Soshu Kano, owned by Chokoji Temple, in the late 16th century（licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons）豊臣秀吉肖像画、加納光信筆、高台寺蔵～The Portrait of Hideyoshi Toyotomi, attributed to Mitsunobu Kano, ownd by Kodaiji Temple（licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons）
成瀬氏が城と町を支配～Naruse clan governs the castle and town
最終的には、徳川幕府が確立すると、幕府は成瀬正成を徳川の親藩である尾張藩の付家老として、この城に据えました。成瀬氏は大名ではありませんでした。それでも、江戸時代の間中例外として、大名のように犬山城と城下の支配を許されたのです。 Lastly, after the Tokugawa Shogunate was established, it placed Masanari Naruse at the castle as the Attendant Chief Retainer for Tokugawa’s relative Owari Domain. The Naruse clan was not a lord. However, they were allowed to govern Inuyama Castle and the castle town like a lord all through Edo Period as an exception.
成瀬正成肖像画、白林寺所蔵、江戸時代～The portrait of Masanari Naruse, owned by Hakurinji Temple, in the Edo Period（licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons）犬山城古図、犬山市城とまちミュージアム蔵、江戸時代～The Old Map of Inuyama Castle, owned by Inuyama Cultural Assets Museum, in the Edo Period（licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons）
特徴～Features
城周辺の地図～The map around the castle
三方は急崖～Steep cliffs in three directions
現在、天守だけが現存していますが、城がどんなだったかは今でも見て取ることができます。城は北の方角の背後に木曽川があり、自然の要害になっています。城がある丘は三方向（北、東、西）が急崖であり、このようなしつらえはよく「後ろ堅固」と呼ばれます。更には、この崖はより垂直になるよう削られていて、このことを「切岸」といいます。その上、この辺りは深い空堀に囲まれていました。 Now, only the Tenshu remains, but we can still see how the castle was. The castle has a natural hazard as Kisogawa River in the back of the north side. The hill of the castle also has steep cliffs in three directions ( north, east and west). Such a condition is often called “back secure” or “Ushiro-Kengo”. In addition, the cliffs are cut more vertically which is called “Kirigishi”. Moreover, the area was surrounded by a deep dry moat.
北側の急崖～The steep cliff in the north side
南方に大手道～Main Route in the south
城は、南の方角に「大手道」と呼ばれる一本道でのみ開かれていました。今はその道に沿って簡単に城の中心と天守に行くことができますが、過去においては、５つの門によって厳重に守られていました。 The castle is open to only one route in the south called the Main Route or “Ote-michi”. It is easy to go to the center of the castle and Tenshu through the route now, but it was heavily guarded by five gates in the past.
大手道～The Main Route
門の間にまっすぐな部分がありますが、ここもまた高い壁と櫓がある曲輪に挟まれていました。最後の門である「鉄門」は再建されています。 The straight part of the route between the gates was also sandwiched by enclosures with high walls and turrets. The last gate called “Kurogane-mon” has been reconstructed.
天守は国宝で、３層４階＋地下２階となっています。初期の天守の形式である望楼型で、日本の現存天守では最古であるかもしれません。但し事はそう単純ではなくて、歴史家や建築家は天守は３段階で作られたと言っています。最初は２層の櫓として作られました。現存の１階と２階は古い工具と方法で作られています。 The Tenshu is a National Treasure. It has three layers and four levels with two extra basements. It shows the first Tenshu style called lookout tower type, and may be the oldest remaining Tenshu in Japan. But it is not that simple. Historians and architects say that Tenshu was built in three steps. The first step built a two story turret, as the remaining first and second floors are made with older tools and in practice.
犬山城天守～The Tenshu of Inuyama Castle２階の内部～The interior of the second floor
３階と４階は塔のように外を見渡す用途で、新しい工法を使い、２段階目に付け加えられました。最後の段階で成瀬氏が、天守に唐破風や高欄を付けたりして装飾したのです。問題は、いつ最初の建築がなされたかです。もしそれが城の創建と同じ時期であれば、間違いなく最古の天守と言えるでしょう。将来明らかになるかもしれません。 The third and forth floors were added to look outside like a tower, using newer methods in the second step. Lastly the Naruse clan decorated Tenshu by adding a Chinese style gable called “Kara-Hafu” and a veranda at the top floor in the last step. The question is when the first step was done. If it is the same age as the castle itself, it is definitely the oldest Tenshu. It may be proven in the future.
天守の上層部分～The upper layer of the Tenshu（taken by マッハGGG from photoAC）
最上階が開放的なので、木曽川とその周辺の素晴らしい景色が眺めることができます。手摺を含む高欄は残っているそのままです。城主の大名と全く同じ体験ができるわけです。 You can see a great view of Kisogawa River and the area around from the open top floor. The veranda including its handrail is original. We can enjoy the exact same experience as the lords who owned the castle.
天守からの木曽川の眺め～A view of Kiso-gawa River from Tenshu元来からの高欄の手摺～The original handrail of the veranda（taken by ACJOE from photoAC）
その後～Later History
明治維新後、犬山城は廃城となり、天守を除く全ての建物は撤去されました。１８９１年、濃尾地震により天守が半ば倒壊しました。その後、以前の領主だった成瀬氏が、彼ら自身で復旧することを条件に再び城を保有しました。犬山城は最近まで私有されていたのです。その間、天守は国宝に指定されました。２００８年、犬山城白帝文庫という法人が設立され、将来への保存のため、城を保有することになりました。それ以来、調査研究が続けられています。 After the Meiji Restoration, Inuyama Castle was abandoned and all its buildings were demolished excluding the Tenshu. In 1891, the Tenshu collapsed partly due to the Nobi Earthquake. After that, the former lord, the Naruse clan owned the castle again on the condition that they would restore it. Inuyama Castle had been privately owned until recently. Meanwhile, it was designated as a National Treasure. Such a case was very rare. In 2008, a corporation called Inuyama-jo Hakutei-bunko was established and it has owned the castle to preserve it in the future. Since then, investigations and developments have been done.
２０１９年修繕中の天守～Tenshu under repairing in 2019
私の感想～My Impression
元々、犬山城は戦いのために築かれました。江戸時代には美しい眺望でも知られるようになりました。成瀬氏は城下町も発展させました。その雰囲気は今に残ります。城に行く途中で通って行けます。この城は今や重要な歴史遺産になりました。この城のいろんな側面を見ていただきたいと思います。 Originally, Inuyama Castle was built just for battle. It also became a beautiful landscape in the Edo Period. The Naruse clan developed the castle town, too. Its atmosphere remains even now. You can enjoy it on the way to the castle. The castle is now becoming more important for cultural heritage. I hope you will see many perspectives of the castle.
浮世絵に描かれた犬山城、「木曽街道鵜沼宿」渓斎英泉作、江戸時代～Inuyama Castle in a Ukiyoe painting, “Unuma on Kiso-kaido Road” attributed to Eisai Keisai in the Edo Period（licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons）現在の城下町～The castle town now（taken by fuku41 from photoAC）
ここに行くには～How to get There
ここに行くには、電車をおすすめします。 犬山駅から：途中城下町を通って歩いて約２０分です。 犬山遊園駅から：木曽川沿いを通って歩いて約１５分です。 名古屋から両駅まで：名鉄名古屋駅から名鉄犬山線の快速特急に乗ってください。 車の場合は、東名高速道路の小牧ＩＣから約１２ｋｍですが、城周辺の道路は混雑気味で、駐車場もあまりありません。 I recommend using the train to get there. From Inuyama station: it takes about 20 minutes on foot, going through the castle town on the way. From Inuyama-Yuen station: it takes about 15 minutes on foot, going along Kisogawa River. From Nagoya to both stations: Take the rapid limited express on Meitetsu Inuyama line from Meitetsu Nagoya Station. If you want to go there by car, it is about 12 km from the Komaki IC on the Tomei Expressway. But the roads around the castle tend to be crowded, and there are a few parking lots.
