If you visit the ruins of Ichijodani Castle by driving or walking on the route along the valley, you will be surprised to see unending residence ruins on both sides of the route. The area of 278 hectares was designated as a National Special Historic Site named the Ichijodani Aasakura Clan Ruins. Over 2,300 unearthed items from the site were also designated as Important Cultural Properties.
The aerial photo around the castle
The ruins along the valleyThe ruins of the castle town
You can also see the ruins of fortress entrances at both edges of the site. The ruins of the Outbound Fortress Entrance still have an alternate entrance using huge stones. The entrances resemble a castle gate. The Inbound Fortress Entrance was restored in 1990 and it is 105m long and 5m tall earthen walls.
The ruins of the Outbound Fortress EntranceThe alternate entrance using huge stonesThe restored Inbound Fortress Entrance
Restored Castle Town of Sengoku Period
Thanks to the achievement of excavation, you can visit the about 200m long restored streets and residences at the center of the ruins. If you stand in the streets, you will feel like you were in a real medieval city.
The restored streets and residences
You can also enter these restored residences. For example, in a merchant house, the mannequins of merchants sell something like potteries.
The inside of the restored merchant house
In a warrior’s house, the male mannequins play Japanese chess in the Japanese style drawing room, while the servant mannequins prepare a meal in the kitchen. These items were all restored based on the relics from the site, the remaining pictures, and buildings in other sites.
The restored warrior’s houseThe mannequins playing Japanese chess in the Japanese style drawing roomThe inside of the kitchen
Asakura Clan Hall Ruins in Center
You should check out the ruins of the Asakura Clan Hall Ruins which is located on the opposite side of the restored streets separated by the Ichijodani River. The hall was largest building in Ichijodani, which was used by the lord of the clan. The ruins are about 120m square, and still have earthen walls and water moat surrounding them. The ruins also have a Chinese style gate building in front of them. The remaining gate is that of the Shounin Temple which was built on the ruins in the Edo Period after the hall was burned. The ruins and the temple gate fit in with each other very much.
The Asakura Clan Hall Ruins surrounded by the earthen walls and water moatThe Chinese style gate building at the ruins entrance
Inside the ruins, the location of each building is shown as a flat exhibition, so you can understand what buildings were built in the past.
The inside of the hall ruinsA view of the hall ruins from the upper back side
Actual Special Places of Scenic Beauty Gardens
There are also several hall ruins for the Asakura Clan’s relatives. Moreover, four of the ruins of the clan’s gardens around the halls have also been designated as Special Places of Scenic Beauty since 1991. It is surprising that the gardens as they were in the 16th Century, still impress people in the present time.
The ruins of Nakanogoten Hall, one of the hall ruins for the Asakura Clan’s relatives
For example, Yudono Garden Ruins above the Asakura Clan Hall Ruins have the combination of wild rocks. It is said that the atmosphere of the garden is similar to that of the Sengoku Period.
The Yudono Garden Ruins
It is said that Suwa Residence Garden, now called the Suwa Residence Garden Ruins, was originally built for Yoshikage Asakura’s wife. It is a beautiful waterfall garden made using huge stones. The largest stone in the garden is said to be the largest one for a waterfall garden in Japan.
The Suwa Residence RuinsThe Suwa Residence Garden RuinsThe garden was made using huge stones
困難を乗り越え奇跡的に生き残った最高の城
The best castle that miraculously survived difficulties
概要～Overviews
姫路城は、その白亜の天守群を世界中に知られており、よく「白鷺城」という別名で呼ばれたりしています。大天守は、日本の城で現存している１２天守の中では最大のものであり、31.5ｍの高さ（天守台石垣を含めると45.35ｍ）があります。大天守、３基の小天守、その他の構造物と合わせた一体が国宝に指定されています。 Himeji Castle is known around the world for its beautiful group of white Main Towers and is often nicknamed White Heron Castle or “Shirasagi-jo”. The Large Main Tower is the largest one out of the 12 remaining main towers in Japanese castles, which is 31.5m high (45.35m including the stone wall base). The Large Main Tower, the three Small Main Towers, and the other structures on the property have been designated as National Treasures of Japan.
姫路城の天守群～The group of the Main Towers of Himeji Castle
更には、多くの曲輪、石垣、水堀など、城の基礎部分が、ほとんどそのまま残っていて、天守を取り囲んでいます。これら城の主要部分はまた、国の特別史跡に指定されています。27基の櫓、15基の門、32枚の塀という、数多くの建物がその基礎の上に現存しています。これらは全て国の重要文化財に指定されています。 In addition, the current structure of the castle mostly consists of a lot of enclosures, stone walls, and water moats surrounding the Main Tower. The main portion of the castle is designated as a National Special Historic Site. The remaining buildings on the structure include as many as 27 turrets, 15 gates and 32 walls. They have all become Important Cultural Properties.
天守を囲む櫓と石垣～One of the turrets and stone walls surrounding the Main Tower
その上に、この城は日本の歴史の中で重要な役割を担いましたが、それは後述します。その役割を終えた後でも、幸運もあったかもしれませんが、日本の人々はこの城を守り続けました。現在この城は、姫路市の最も有名で且つ大事なシンボルとなっています。1993年からは日本では初となる世界文化遺産にも指定されています。 Moreover, the castle had an important role in Japanese history, which I will describe later. Even after that role ended, the people of Japan continued to maintain the castle, although some people might say it survived by good luck. Now, people consider the castle as the greatest, most respected symbol in Himeji City. It has been a cultural site on the World Heritage List since 1993, which was the first case in Japan.
天守（正面）～The Main Tower (the front)
これらのことから私は、一般的に日本のどの城がベストかと聞かれた場合、それぞれの方に好みがあるにしても、それは姫路城ですと明言できます。 For those reasons, if I am asked from someone which castle is the best in Japan generally, I can clearly answer it is Himeji Castle, though each has his/her own preference.
立地と歴史～Location and History
姫路城は、兵庫県西部の播州平野にある標高45.6ｍ姫山の上にあります。この城は、最初は１４世紀に赤松氏によって築かれたと言われていますが、詳細は不明です。城周辺の地域は肥沃で交通の要所であり、山陽街道が通っていました。ただしこの城は、周りにある多くの城のうちの一つに過ぎませんでした。この状況は戦国時代の１６世紀、黒田官兵衛が城を所有していた時に変わりました。東には織田氏、西には毛利氏が姫路城周辺の地を狙っている中、官兵衛は織田氏に味方することを決意しました。官兵衛は、姫路城を織田の家臣である羽柴秀吉に差し出したのです。秀吉は、後に天下人である豊臣秀吉となります。 Himeji Castle is located on 45.6m high Himeyama mountain in the Banshu Plain, the western part of Hyogo Prefecture. It is said that the castle was first built by Akamatsu Clan in the 14th century, but the details are uncertain. The area around the castle was fertile and important for transportation where the Sanyo Road passed through, but the castle was among the many castles around. The situation changed in the late 16th century during the Sengoku Period when Kanbe Kuroda owned the castle. With the Oda Clan on the east and the Mori Clan on the west, aiming to invade the area around the Himeji castle, Kanbe decided to support the Oda Clan. He offered his Himeji Castle to Oda’s retainer, Hideyoshi Hashiba, who later became the ruler of Japan and subsequently changed his name to Hideyoshi Toyotomi.
城の位置～The location of the castle
黒田官兵衛肖像画、崇福寺蔵～The portrait of Kanbe Kuroda, owned by Sofukuji Temple (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)
秀吉は毛利の領地を侵略するため、この城を根拠地とし、城の拡張を行いました。秀吉時代の城には三層の天守がありましたが、詳細はその遺跡が現在の天守の下にあるため明らかになっていません。城の基本的な構造はこの時代に確立したと言われています。1582年、秀吉と官兵衛は姫路城から100ｋｍ近く西方にある備中高松城を攻撃していました。そのとき本能寺の変が起こり、秀吉と官兵衛の主君である織田信長が明智光秀により殺されました。秀吉は直ちに西方の毛利氏と講和を結びます。これにより秀吉は、主には徒歩による移動で重い荷物を自ら運ぶしかなかった前近代の軍隊を、わずか３日で姫路城に戻すことができたのです。彼はこの城で準備を整えてから出陣し、光秀を倒した後、天下を掌握することに成功しました。 Hideyoshi was based at the castle to invade Mori’s territory, and developed the castle. The castle of Hideyoshi’s period had a three-layer Main Tower; the details of which are uncertain because its ruins are under the present Main Tower. It is said that the basic structure of the castle was established at that time. In 1582, Hideyoshi with Kanbe attacked Bicchu-Takamatsu Castle, nearly 100km away from Himeji Castle on the west. The Honnoji Incident happened where Hideyoshi’s and Kanbe’s boss, Nobunaga Oda was killed by Mitsuhide Akechi. Hideyoshi quickly made peace with the Mori Clan. This allowed Hideyoshi to quickly return to Himeji Castle within 3 days with pre-modern large troops travelling mainly by foot and transporting heavy items. He prepared and left the castle to beat Mitsuhide and was successful in taking over control of Japan.
豊臣秀吉肖像画、加納光信筆、高台寺蔵～The Portrait of Hideyoshi Toyotomi, attributed to Mitsunobu Kano, ownd by Kodaiji Temple（licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons）備中高松城跡～The ruins of Bicchu-Takamatsu Castle
秀吉の死後、豊臣氏に代わって徳川家康が1600年に実権を握りました。家康は、娘婿である池田輝政を吉田城から姫路城に移しました。輝政は後に姫路藩の初代藩主になります。輝政の役目は、大坂城にいた豊臣氏をいまだ支持するかもしれない西国大名を監視することでした。彼は1601年から1609年の間に城の大改修を行います。天守は、５層の大天守と３基の小天守に置き換えられました。これらは、渡櫓によりつながっていて「連立式」天守と呼ばれます。輝政は姫山の上にある秀吉の城の構造を引き継ぎつつも、多くの櫓、門、練塀、石垣を加えたのです。結果的に城は、小さな曲輪を複雑に組み合わせたものとなりました。例えば、今でも観光客は天守にたどり着くまで１０以上もの門を通らなければなりません。 After Hideyoshi died, Ieyasu Tokugawa got the power instead of the Toyotomi Clan in 1600. Ieyasu transferred his son-in law, Terumasa Ikeda, from Yoshida Castle to Himeji Castle. Terumasa later became the founder of the Himeji Domain. Terumasa’s role was to monitor the lords in western Japan, who might still support the Toyotomi Clan at Osaka Castle. He did major renovations to the castle between 1601 and 1609. The Main Tower was replaced with the five-layer Large Main Tower and three Small Main Towers. They are connected by the Roofed Passage Turrets, which are called Connected Type or “Renritsu-shiki”. Terumasa followed Hideyoshi’s structure of the castle on Himeyama mountain, but he added lots of turrets, gates, plaster walls, and stone walls. As a result, the center of the castle became very complex with combined small enclosures. For example, visitors must pass through as many as over 10 gates to reach the Main Tower.
池田輝政肖像画、鳥取県立美術館蔵～The Portrait of Terumasa Ikeda, owned by Tottori prefectural art museum (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)連立式天守：大天守(A)、小天守(B,C,D)、渡櫓(E)、櫓門(F)～Connected Type :Large Main Tower(A), Small Main Tower(B,C,D), Roofed Passage Turrets(E), Turret Gate(F)(licensed by Mukai via Wikimedia Commons)
更には、城は姫山の西にある鷺山を取り込んで拡大しました。鷺山の上には西の丸が築かれました。三の丸が姫山の南の平地に築かれました。城の水堀は、城の裏側から渦巻き状に広がっていました。一周目は、姫山の上にある城の中心部と、二の丸と三の丸を囲んでいて、内堀と呼ばれました。二周目は中堀と呼ばれ、武士の屋敷を含む区域を囲んでいました。外堀は、中堀の途中から分かれ出て、南方と東方にあった城下町までも囲んでいました。輝政は、現在私たちが見ているものと、ほとんど近い所まで城を築き上げました。 In addition, the castle was extended to take in the Sagiyama mountain, the west of Himeyama. The Nishinomaru or the Western Enclosure was built on the Sayima mountain. The Sannomaru or the Third Enclosure was built on the plain area to the south of Himeyama. The water moats of the castle started from the back and spread like swirling. The first turn surrounded the center of the castle on Himeyama, Nishinomaru, and Sannnomaru, which was called the Inner Moat. The second turn called the Middle Moat surrounded the area including warriors’ houses. The Outer Moat separated from the halfway of the Middle Moat and even surrounded the castle town on the south and east directions. Terumasa built the castle nearly like what we see now.
輝政は残念ながら1613年に亡くなってしまいます。徳川幕府は城主を、幕府の重臣である本多忠政に変えました。忠政は城の造営を続け、西の丸を改築したり、運河を掘ったりしました。西の丸は更に広大となり、多くの兵士を収容できるようになりました。よって、中心部の曲輪とは異なる広々とした外観です。。1615年に豊臣氏は幕府により倒されましたが、幕府は姫路城主に西国大名の監視を担わせ続けました。そのため、有能な人材を宛がうため、何度も城主は交替させられます。１８世紀の中頃からは、酒井氏が幕末まで城を統治しました。恐らくは社会が安定したからでしょう。城の創建以来、一度もここで戦が起こらなかったため、度々「不戦の城」とも呼ばれています。 After Terumasa unfortunately died in 1613, the Tokugawa Shogunate changed the lord of the castle to Tadamasa Honda, a senior vassal of the Shogunate. Tadamasa continued work on the castle such as improving the Nishinomaru and developing a canal. Nishinomaru became more spacious which could accommodate large troops, so it looks different from other central enclosures. Though the Toyotomi Clan had been defeated by the Shogunate in 1615, it still made the lord of Himeji Castle stay to monitor the lords in western Japan. For this reason, the lord of the castle was replaced by a capable person several times by the Shogunate. From the middle 18th century, the Sakai Clan continued to govern the castle until the end of the Edo Period. Perhaps it could be because the society became stable. No battles have occurred at the castle since it was built, so it is sometimes called “an anti-war castle”.
本多忠政肖像画～The portrait of Tadamasa Honda (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)明治初期の姫路城の外観～The appearance of Himeji Castle in the first Meiji Era (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)
しかしながら、幕末になってこの城は初めての危機を迎えます。1868年に岡山藩などの他藩を含む新政府軍により包囲されたのです。これは酒井氏が幕府の要職についていたためです。城にいた武士たちは降伏を申し出ましたが、攻撃側は受け入れず砲撃を始めました。備前門という門の瓦が幾枚か破損しましたが、それだけでした。単なるパフォーマンスだったのかもしれません。その後城の武士たちは降伏し、城を新政府に引き渡しました。 However, at the end of the Edo Period, the castle faced its first crisis. The New Government Army including other domains, such as Okayama, surrounded the castle in 1868. This is because the Sakai Clan was in charge of an important position for the Shogunate. The warriors in the castle had sworn allegiance, but the attackers didn’t accept it and opened fire. Some tiles of a gate called Bizen-mon were destroyed, but that was all. It may have been like a performance. The warriors in the castle later surrendered and handed over control of the castle to the New Government.
備前門～The Bizen-mon Gate (licensed by Corpse Reviver via Wikimedia Commons)
その後～Later History
明治維新後、姫路城の一部は日本陸軍によって使用されました。三の丸周辺の建物は撤去されました。天守を含む他の建物も売られたが、買主は撤去する費用が高すぎたために権利を放棄したとも言われています。真相は不明です。もし本当なら、城にとって第２の危機でした。 After the Meiji Restoration, part of Himeji Castle was used for the Japanese Army. Some buildings around Sannomaru were demolished. It is said that other buildings including the Main Tower were also sold, but the buyer waived the right, because it was too expensive for him to demolish them. This story is unclear. If true, it was the second crisis of the castle.
1936年時点の姫路城の写真～The photo of Himeji Castle in 1936 (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)
1878年、中村重遠大佐が姫路城と名古屋城を保存することを陸軍に提案しました。その提案は政府によって認められ、城を維持するための予算が組まれました。これは、城が文化遺産として認められた最初の事例であり、画期的なことでした。1910年に明治の大修理が行われました。実は、天守がその自重により少しずつ傾いてきていたのです。 In 1878, a military officer, Shigeto Nakamura suggested the need to preserve Himeji and Nagoya Castles to the Japanese Army. It was allowed by the government who created a budget to maintain the castles. This is the epoch-making event that castles were considered as cultural properties for the first time. The Meiji Great Repairs was done in 1910. In fact, the Main Tower was leaning little by little due to its own weight, before it was repaired.
城内にある中村重遠の顕彰碑～The monument of Shigeto Nakamura in the castle (licensed by Corpse Reviver via Wikimedia Commons)
第二次世界大戦中の1945年、姫路空襲の時に最後の危機が城に迫りました。姫路市の市街地はほとんど焼き尽くされましたが、城は無事でした。焼夷弾が天守に飛び込んできたのですが、幸い不発だったのです。残念ながら、同じく政府により維持されてきた名古屋城は、爆撃により燃えてしまいました。終戦直後、姫路の人たちは無傷であった姫路城に大変勇気づけられたといいます。現在、２回の大修理（昭和と平成）の後、姫路城は往時のような輝きを取り戻しています。城のために大変な努力をした人々と幸運に感謝しなければならないでしょう。 The last crisis came to the castle when the Himeji Air Raid happened in 1945 during World War II. The town area of Himeji City was mostly burned, but the castle wasn’t affected. A firebomb was dropped into the Main Tower, luckily it didn’t explode. Unfortunately, the Nagoya Castle, which was also being maintained by the government was burned down by bombs. People in Himeji were very encouraged by the fact that Himeji Castle was still intact just after the war. Today, after two more great repairs (Showa and Heisei), Himeji Castle gets the brilliance back like its peak time. I think we have to be thankful for the great effort of the people at the castle and for good fortune.
空襲に備え黒い網をかけられた大天守～The Large Main Tower covered by the black screen to prevent from an air raid (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)
基肄城は、西日本にあった古代山城の一つです。６６３年に朝鮮で起きた白村江の戦いの後、朝廷により築かれました。日本は百済を助けようとしましたが、唐と新羅の連合軍に敗れたのです。天智天皇は、この連合軍による将来の侵攻の可能性を恐れ、百済からの難民の助けも借り、これらの城の築城を命じたのです。そのため、これらの城は「朝鮮式山城」とも呼ばれています。 Kii Castle is one of ancient mountain castles in western Japan. It was built by the Imperial Court after the Battle of Baekgang, Korea in 663. Japan tried to help Baekje, but was beaten by the ally of Tang and Silla. Emperor Tenchi, worried by the future possibility of invasion by this alliance, ordered the construction of these castles with the help of Baekje refugees. That’s why these castles are also called “Korean style mountain castles”.
白村江の戦いの図～The map about the Battle of Baekgang（licensed by Samhanin via Wikimedia Commons）
城特有の役割～Castle’s own Role
基肄城は、九州地方で記録がある五つのうちの一つです。その他は、大野、水城、麹池、そして金田です。それぞれの城には独自の役目がありました。基肄城は、物見のための城だったように思います。もし、連合軍が日本を攻めた場合、２つの考えられる侵攻ルートがありました。両方とも最初は金田城が築かれた対馬海峡にある対馬は通るでしょう。そして、壱岐島の辺りで２つに分かれることが推測され、一つは北の方角から博多湾経由で福岡平野に上陸し、もう一つは西の方角から有明湾経由で佐賀平野に上陸するものです。 Kii Castle was one of the five recorded ones in Kyushu region. The others were Ono, Mizuki, Kikuchi, and Kaneda. Each castle had its own role. I think Kii Castle was kind of a lookout castle. If the ally were to attack Japan, there would be two possible routes to enter from. Both would first pass through Tsushima Island on Tsushima Strait where Kaneda Castle was built. There are speculations that the routes may be divided around Iki Island, one would land on the Fukuoka plain through Hakata Bay from the north direction, and the other would land on the Saga plain through Ariake Bay from the west direction.
九州地方の５つの記録された古代山城の位置～The location of five recorded ancient mountain castles in Kyushu region
基山（標高４０４ｍ）の上にあり、その頂上からは福岡、佐賀両平野が見渡せます。この城は主に佐賀の防衛の備えとされ、一方水城は福岡の方の備えとされました。基山には３つの峰（山頂、北峰、東峰）があり、南方になる谷を取り囲んでいました。それらの峰に沿って土塁が築かれ、その総延長は３．９ｋｍありました。南側の谷には石垣が築かれ、排水口により水量を調整していました。城には４つの門があり、内側には倉庫や兵舎など多くの建物がありました。 Kii Castle was built on Kizan mountain (404m above sea level) and from its top both the Fukuoka and the Saga plains are visible. It was mainly prepared for the protection of Saga, while Mizuki was built for the protection of Fukuoka. Kizan mountain has three ridges (the top, the North Peak, and the East Peak) surrounding the valley on the south. The earthen walls were built along the ridges whose overall length was 3.9km. The stone walls were also built on the southern valley which had drains to control water. The castle had four gates and lots of buildings inside such as warehouses and barracks.
城周辺の起伏地図～The relief map around the castle
戦国時代に再利用～It was reused in Sengoku Period
古書によれば、基肄城は６６５年に築かれ、６９８年に修繕されました。結果的には連合軍は幸いにも日本を攻撃しませんでした。城の倉庫や兵舎は８、９世紀頃はで使われたとする歴史家もいます。１５、１６世紀頃、戦国時代として知られる時期には、その立地の良さから戦国大名によって再び城は使われました。 Old books say that Kii Castle was built in 665, and repaired in 698. As a result, the ally fortunately did not attack Japan. Some historians believe that the castle’s warehouses and barracks were used until around the 8th and 9th centuries. Around the 15th and 16th centuries which is also sometimes known as “Sengoku” Period or the Warring State Period, the castle was used again by some warlords, because of its good location.
戦国時代の城跡～The ruins of the castle in the Sengoku Period
特徴～Features
現在（２０２１年２月）、城跡の中心部に入ることと、全体を歩き通すことはできません。２０１８年の西日本での豪雨によりこの辺りが深刻な被害を受けたからです。行政がこの地域の道路と山道の通行を禁止しているのです。このため、観光客は行政が許可したいくつかの地点のみ見ることができます。それでは、現在行くことができる２つの地点をご紹介しましょう。 Now (in February 2021), it is impossible for anyone to enter the center of the castle ruins, and walk straight through the whole area. This is because the area was seriously destroyed by the heavy rain in western Japan in 2018. The local government bans the use of roads and trails in that area. For this reason, visitors are able to see only some spots that the Local Government has opened. I will describe two spots you can visit now.
城周辺の地図～The map around the castle
基山山頂～Summit of Kizan
ここは城の最高地点だった所で、土塁の西側部分に当たります。そしてまた戦国時代の城の本丸でもありました。その外側は急坂になっていて、現在ではグラススキー場のゲレンデとして使われています。山頂の麓には駐車場があり、城跡を訪れる際駐車することができます。１５分程山頂の方に登っていくと、その途中に沢山の溝が見えてきます。それは何か入口のように見えるかもしれませんが、実は戦国時代の城主により作られた「いものがんぎ」と呼ばれる空堀跡なのです。 This was the highest spot of the castle and the western part of the earthen walls, as well as the Main Enclosure of the castle in Sengoku Period. The outside is steep slope, so it is now used as a grass ski ground. There is a parking lot on the foot of the summit where you can park your cars while visiting the ruins. Its 15 minutes climb to the top and on the way you will see many ditches . You may think they are some of the entrances, but they are, in fact, ruins of dry moats called “Imono-gangi”, made by the lord of the Sengoku castle.
土塁外側の急坂～The steep slope outside of the earthen walls「いものがんぎ」と呼ばれる空堀跡～The ruins of dry moats called “Imono-gangi”
その空堀を越えていくと、土塁の上のよく開けた場所に至ります。土塁は南北に走っています。北の方角には基肄城を示す標識があり、福岡平野を望むことができます。 Over the dry moats, you will enter the widely open area, on the earthen walls. You can see the ridge of the mountain, the earthen walls, that goes both north and south. You can also have a view of the Fukuoka plain with the signboard of Kii Castle on the north.
基肄城の標識～The signboard of Kii Castle福岡平野の眺め～A view of the Fukuoka Plain
次に、反対側の南の方角に向かってみると、人工の土盛りが見えてきます。これらは戦国時代の本丸の跡なのです。この本丸は山の頂に作られたのです。もう一つ、天智天皇に関わる記念碑がここにあります。山頂からは、佐賀平野を見渡すことができます。 Next, if you go to the opposite side on the south, you can find artificial mounds, which are also the ruins of the Main Enclosure in Sengoku Period. The Enclosure is situated on the top of the mountain. There is another monument for Emperor Tenchi. You can also see the Saga plain from the top.
南の方角を見る～Lookng at the south direction戦国時代の本丸跡～The ruins of the Main Enclosure in Sengoku Period天智天皇の記念碑～The monument for Emperor Tenchi佐賀平野の眺め～A view of the Saga Plain
水門跡～Ruins of Water Gate
この場所は、城の南の部分に当たり、谷を埋めるため、水門と共に石垣が築かれました。石垣と水門の一部が今に残っています。ここに行くには違う道筋を進む必要があります。現存の石垣は全長２６ｍ、高さ８．５ｍあります。水門は石垣の下に設置され、住吉川の水を内側から外側に排出しています。 This spot was located on the southern part of the castle where the stone walls were built with the water gate to fill the valley. Part of the stone walls with the gate remain now. To visit them, you have to take a different route. The remaining stone walls are 26m long and 8.5m tall. The water gate is placed under the wall to drain the water of Sumiyoshi-gawa River from the inside to the outside.
水門跡～The ruins of the water gate（licensed by Wxrx via Wikimedia Commons）
その後～Later History
江戸時代（１８、１９世紀頃）においてでも、人々は基肄城が古代の遺跡であることを認識していました。というのは、公式の歴史書である「日本書紀」にこの城のことが記録されていたからです。城跡は最終的に１９５４年に国の特別史跡に指定されました。 Even in the Edo Period (around the 18th and 19th centuries), people recognized Kii Castle as ancient ruins, because the castle have been recorded in an official history book called “Nihon-Shoki”. The ruins were finally designated as a Special National Historic Site in 1954.
基肄城の土塁～The earthen walls of Kii Castle
私の感想～My Impression
私が基山山頂を訪れたとき、その山頂からは福岡・佐賀両平野の素晴らしい景色が見えました。そのときこの城はとても良い立地にあることが理解できたのです。役所によると城跡の中心地の道路は２０２２年３月までに復旧するとのことです。その後またこの城跡を訪れてみたいと思います。 When I visited the summit of Kizan, and saw great views both of the Fukuoka and Saga plains from the top, I really found out the castle had a very good location. The local government says that the roads in the center of the ruins will be repaired by March 2022. I would like to visit them again after that.
基山山頂付近～Around the top of Kizan mountain
ここに行くには～How to get There
ここには車で行くことをお勧めします。 九州自動車道の筑紫野ICから５ｋｍ以内のところです。 もし基山町役場に立ち寄ることができれば、職員の方が城跡への道のりを詳しく教えてくれます。 I recommend you to go there by car at this point. The ruins are within 5 km away from the Chikushino IC on Kyushu Expressway. If you drop by at the Kizan Town hall, the officials will offer you the detailed routes to the ruins.
