48.Matsusaka Castle Part3

The Main Tower Base even uses a stone sarcophagus.

Features

Main Enclosure, Center of Castle

The lower tier had many turrets as the pivot for defense. Though there are no buildings now, you can look down on the routes below the stone walls of the tier clearly.

The map around the castle

The ruins of Kane-no-yagura Turret at the lower tier of the Main Enclosure
A view of Matsusaka City Museum of History and Folklore from the ruins of Kane-no-maru Turret
The ruins of Tsukimi Turret at the lower tier of the Main Enclosure
A view of the Second Enclosure from the ruins of Tsukimi Turret

The upper tier had turrets, residences, and the Main Tower. The stone wall base for the tower remains in its original condition from when Ujisato Gamo first built the castle. It looks very old and you can see part of it is made using a stone sarcophagus. This shows the stones for the castle construction were collected rapidly. You can also see a nice city view with mountains behind, as this is the highest point of the castle.

The entrance of the upper tier of the Main Enclosure
The inside of the upper tier of the Main Enclosure
The stone wall base for the Main Tower
The stone sarcophagus used for the stone walls (in the front)
A view from the upper tier of the Main Enclosure

Later History

After the Meiji Restoration, Matsusaka Castle was abandoned and the castle buildings were demolished or burned. The main portion of the castle was turned into Matsusaka Park in 1881, while the other has become a city area. Matsusaka City, the former castle town, renovated the stone walls of the castle for as long as 16 years between 1988 and 2003. The city has also been researching the ruins as well. They were finally designated as a National Historic Site in 2011.

The stone wall base for the Main Tower

My Impression

Before my visit to Matsusaka Castle Ruins, I didn’t know much about Ujisato Gamo and the castle. In fact, I was still wondering why the local city has castle ruins with such great stone walls while visiting. However, after learning about who he was and the history of the castle, I understood the reason. I hope that Matsusaka City will maintain the castle ruins and the memory of Ujisato forever because the city would not be there without hin.

The stone walls of the upper tier of the Main Enclosure

How to get There

If you want to visit the ruins by car, it is about a 15-minute drive away from Matsusaka IC on the Ise Expressway. There is a parking lot for visitors beside the park.
If you want to use public transportation, It takes about 15 minutes on foot from Matsusaka Station to get there.
To get to Matsusaka Station from Tokyo: Take the Tokaido Shinkansen super express, transfer to the JR Mie rapid train or the Kintetsu-Nagoya Line on Kintetsu Railway at Nagoya Station.

That’s all. Thank you.
Back to “Matsusaka Castle Part1”
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48.Matsusaka Castle Part2

This castle was protected by high stone walls using large stones and an elaborate defense system

Features

High Stone Walls still surround Castle Ruins

Today, the ruins of Matsusaka Castle have been developed into Matsusaka Park, which was the main portion of the castle on the hill. If you walk around the outside of the park, you may be surprised to see the high stone walls surrounding the park remain in good condition. The walls are piled using round natural stones which are large and uncountable. It is surprising that they were collected and piled so elaborately in a short time during the construction. In addition, the stone walls of the southeastern corner of the park were repaired using processed rectangular stones in the later stage of the castle’s history.

The stone walls seen outside of the park
The stone walls of the lower tier of the Main Enclosure, which use large stones
The repaired stone walls at the southeastern corner of the park

The aerial photo around the castle

Layout of Enclosures

The ruins have only the foundation with the stone walls without any buildings. However, you can still understand how the castle was protected by seeing these stone walls along the routes in the park. There are two entrances of the park, one is the Front Gate Ruins at the eastern side and the other one is the Back Gate Ruins at the southern side. Either of them lead to the Second Enclosure first. Towards the center of the castle, the lower tier of the Main Enclosure is higher than the Second Enclosure. The upper tier of the Main Enclosure is the highest. In addition, the Kitai and Inkyo Enclosures are at the lower part on the opposite side of the Second Enclosure.

The diorama of the castle’s enclosures with stone walls, exhibited by Matsusaka City Museum of History and Folklore
The Front Gate Ruins
The Back Gate Ruins

Going to Second Enclosure from Front Gate Ruins

If you enter the Second Enclosure from the Front Gate Ruins surrounded by alternating stone walls, you will see the high stone walls of the lower tier of the Main Enclosure in front of you. To go to the center of the Second Enclosure, you have to turn left and pass one more ruined gate beside the Tsukimi Turret Ruins on the stone walls. If you were an enemy, you would be attacked from two directions. That means the routes inside the castle were made very defensive.

Entering the Front Gate Ruins
The stone walls of the Main Enclosure lower tier stand in front of you
Turn left to go to the Second Enclosure
The high stone walls of the Tsukimi Turret Ruins
The route to the Second Enclosure from the Front Gate (the red arrow) and the counterattack from the castle (the blue arrows)

Going to Main Enclosure from Front Second Enclosure

The Second Enclosure had the Encampment of the Tokugawa Clan. It is now a square with a wisteria trellis where you can see a city view.

The present Second Enclosure
The signpost of the ruins of Tokugawa Clan’s encampment
A city view from the Second Enclosure

If you want to go inside further, you need to pass the Nakagomon Gate Ruins. This route is also surrounded by alternating stone walls and the ruins of a turret called Taiko-Yagura. After passing it, the lower tier is on the right and the upper tier is on the left of the Main Enclosure.

The Nakagomon Gate Ruins
The Taiko Turret Ruins
Looking down The Nakagomon Gate Ruins from the Taiko Turret Ruins
The route to the Main Enclosure from the Second Enclosure (the red arrows) and the counterattack from the castle (the blue arrows)

To be continued in “Matsusaka Castle Part3”
Back to “Matsusaka Castle Part1”

71.福山城~Fukuyama Castle

福山市はまさにこの城から始まりました。
Fukuyama City really started from this castle.

立地と歴史~Location and History

新しい城と町~New Castle and Town

福山城は、広島県東部の福山市にあります。現在、この市は県で2番目の大都市ですが、城が築かれる前は町はありませんでした。それまでは、この地域は広島城にいた福島氏が支配していました。
Fukuyama Castle is located in Fukuyama City to the eastern part of Hiroshima Prefecture. Today, the city is the second largest city in the prefecture, but there had been no town before the castle was built. Before that, the area belonged to the Fukushima Clan who lived in Hiroshima Castle.

城の位置~The location of the castle

1619年、福島氏は徳川幕府により改易され、その領地は他の大名たちに分割されました。幕府は、そのうちの一部の地に譜代大名の水野勝成を送り込み、西日本の大名を監視させました。勝成は、芦田川という川のデルタ地帯にあった丘の上に、新しい城を城下町とともに築くことになりました。この新しい城は福山城と呼ばれ、日本で最後に築かれた大規模な城と言われています。これは幕府が1615年以来、原則として新しい城を築くことを禁じていたからです。福山城はとても稀なケースだったのです。
In 1619, the clan were fired by the Tokugawa Shogunate and their territory was divided among other clans. The shogunate sent Katsunari Mizuno, a hereditary feudal lord to one of the divided territories, to monitor other lords in western Japan. Katsunari was responsible for building a new castle on a hill in the delta of a river called Ashidagawa with a new castle town. The new castle was called Fukuyama Castle, which is said to be the last newly built large-scale castle in Japan. This is because the Shogunate basically banned the lords from building any new castles from 1615. The case of Fukuyama Castle is very rare.

水野勝成肖像画、賢忠寺蔵~The portrait of Katsunari Mizuno, owned by Kenchuji Temple (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

天守と櫓~Main Tower and Turrets

この城には、本丸、二の丸、三の丸という3つの曲輪が築かれました。内堀が、二の丸と三の丸の間に掘られました。外堀は城全体を囲んでいました。多くの櫓や門が築かれるか、他の城から移築されました。一例として、伏見櫓は伏見城から移されたものです。天守は本丸にあり、5層で、屋根は唐破風や千鳥破風により装飾されていました。この天守のユニークな点は、北にある丘からの砲撃に備え、北側が全て黒い鉄板に覆われていることでした。建築工事は3年間続き、1622年に完成します。
The castle was built with three enclosures – the Main, the Second, and the Third Enclosures. The Inner Moat was built between the Second and the Third Enclosures. The Outer Moat surrounded the whole castle. Many turrets and gates were built or moved from other castles. For example, the Fushimi Turret was moved from Fushimi Castle. The Main Tower was on the Main Enclosure, which had five layers and its roofs were decorated with Chinese style gables and triangular shaped gables. The unique feature of the tower was that its northern side was all covered with black steel plates to prevent damage from canon fire from other hills in the north. The construction took three years before the castle was completed in 1622.

福山城のミニチュアモデル~The miniature model of Fukuyama Castle (福山城博物館~the Fukuyama Castle Museum)

優れた城主たち~Excellent Lords of Castle

勝成はまた優れた政治家であり、江戸時代の日本で最も有名な上水道の一つ、福山上水を開設しました。その後も、何人もの城主が幕府中枢で重要な役職を務めました。例えば、阿部正弘は筆頭老中となり、1853年と1854年のアメリカのマシュー・ペリー来航といった幕末の困難な外交に対処しました。ところが、この城は1868年に新政府軍からの標的にされてしまいます。砲撃が開始され、砲弾が天守に飛び込みました。守備側は降伏したのですが、その砲弾は幸い不発でした。
Katsunari was also a good politician who created the Fukuyama Water Supply, one of the most famous water supplies in the Edo Period in Japan. After that, several lords of the castle also had important roles in the central Shogunate. For example, Masahiro Abe became the head of the Shogun’s council of elders and handled the difficult diplomatic problems at the end of the Edo Period such as the arrivals of Matthew Perry’s fleet from the US in 1853 and 1854. However, the castle was targeted by the New Government Army in 1868. They opened fire and a cannon ball entered into the Main Tower before the defenders surrendered. The ball, fortunately, didn’t explode.

阿部正弘写真~The picture of Masahiro Abe (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

特徴~Features

駅からすぐの本丸~Main Enclosure next to Station

現在、福山城は福山駅のすぐ近くにあります。もしくは駅が城の中にあるとも言えるでしょう。実際駅は、埋められた内堀、二の丸、三の丸の上に建てられたのです。駅の北側に沿っている道は、二の丸の端に当たります。本丸と、二の丸の一部のみが福山城公園として残っています。
Now, Fukuyama Castle is very close to Fukuyama Station, or we can rather say the station is in the castle. The station was actually built on the reclaimed Inner Moat, the Second Enclosure, and the Third Enclosure. The street along the northern side of the station was the edge of the Second Enclosure. Only the Main Enclosure and part of the Second Enclosure remain as Fukuyama Castle Park.

城周辺の航空写真~The aerial photo around the castle

福山駅から見た福山城~A view of Fukuyama Castle from Fukuyama Station

福山駅の北出口を出ると最初に、二段の石垣に囲まれた本丸の姿が見えます。とても力強い存在感です。石垣の表面の一部には、1945年の福山大空襲のときに生じた焦げ跡が見られます。東側にある公園の正面口には、現代になって作られた道があり、容易に本丸の中に入って行けます。
You can first see the Main Enclosure surrounded by two-step stone walls from the north exit of Fukuyama Station. It has a very strong presence. The surface of the stone walls is covered with burn marks in some areas which was caused by the Great Fukuyama Air Raid in 1945. You can also walk into the enclosure easily through a moderate slope at the main entrance of the park on the east. This entrance was built in the present day.

石垣に見える焦げ跡~The burn marks on the stone walls
城への入口~The entrance to the castle

再建された天守~Rebuilt Main Tower

現在見ることができる5層の天守は1966年に再建されたもので、福山城博物館として使われています。ここでは、城や福山市のことをより学ぶことができます。しかし、現在は改装中で、2022年まで続くとのことです。現在の天守の外観は、元あったものとは異なっています。例えば、現在のものは黒い鉄板は装着されていません。ただし、その鉄板は今回の改装により天守に取り付けられるそうです。
The five-layer Main Tower we now see was rebuilt in 1966 and is used as the Fukuyama Castle Museum where you can learn more about the castle and the city. However, the tower is now being renovated. The renovations will continue until 2022. The appearance of the tower is different from the original one. For example, the present one doesn’t have the black steel plates. The plates will be added to the tower after the renovation.

再建された天守~The rebuilt Main Tower
天守からの眺め~A view from the Main Tower

現存する建物~Remaining Buildings

現存する建物は、伏見櫓、筋金御門、鐘楼の3棟だけです。伏見櫓と筋金御門は重要文化財に指定されています。とりわけ伏見櫓は古い形式で大型の3階櫓であり、伏見城から移築されてきました(そのために伏見櫓といいます)。日本で最も古い現存櫓の一つです。ところが、内部が一般に公開されるは、一年に1日だけです。
There are only three remaining buildings in the castle called Fushimi Turret, Sujigane-gomon Gate and the Bell Tower. Fushimi Turret and Sujigane-gomon Gate are designated as Important Cultural Properties. In particular, Fusimi Turret is an old style, large three-story turret that was moved from Fushimi Castle (so called Fusimi Turret). It is one of the oldest remaining turrets in Japan. However, access to its interior by the public, is available just one day a year.

伏見櫓~Fushimi Turret
筋金御門~Sujigane-gomon Gate
鐘楼~The Bell Tower

他にも、月見櫓などいくつか城の建物があるのですが、天守と同時期に再建されたものです。
There are also several traditional style buildings such as Tsukimi Turret which were rebuilt at the same time as the present Main Tower.

月見櫓~Tsukimi Turret

その後~Later History

明治維新後、福山城は廃城となり、本丸を除く建物と敷地は売られていきました。天守などのいくつかの建物と本丸は、福山公園として何とか残りました。天守は1931年には国宝に指定されます。ところが、1945年の福山大空襲により残念なことに焼け落ちてしまいました。
After the Meiji Restoration, Fukuyama Castle was abandoned, and its buildings and ground excluding the Main Enclosure were sold. The Main Enclosure with several buildings such as the Main Tower somehow remained as Fukuyama Park. The Main Tower was designated as a National Treasure in 1931. However, it was unfortunately burned down by The Great Fukuyama Air Raid in 1945.

戦前の福山城と福山駅~Fukuyama Castle and Fukuyama Station before World War II (licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons)

第二次世界大戦後、城は公園として再び整備されました。1964年に国の史跡に指定されますが、1966年には天守と他の建物が再建されました。一方、公園周辺の地域は完全に市街地化しました。市街地化が進む中、十分な調査がなされずに城跡が破壊されてきたことを指摘する人もいました。
After World War II, the castle was developed as a park again. It was designated as a National Historic Site in 1964, and the Main Tower and other buildings were rebuilt in 1966. On the other hand, the area around the park was completely turned into the city area. Some have pointed out that the ruins of the castle were destroyed without enough investigations during the urbanization.

再建された天守~The rebuilt Main Tower

私の感想~My Impression

福山城は歴史公園として大いなる潜在能力があると思います。天守の改装後どうなるか楽しみなところです。しかしながら、行政側は、伏見櫓のような現存建物にもっと焦点を当てるべきと感じます。例えば、一般公開の日をもっと増やしてほしいです。また、過去、城はどのようであったのかを人々に知ってもらうべきでしょう。なぜなら、福山市自体が福山城なしには存在しなかったのですから。
I think that Fukuyama Castle has great potential for becoming a historical park. I’m looking forward to seeing the renewal of the Main Tower after the renovation. However, I feel that officials should feature the remaining buildings such as Fushimi Turret more. For example, it should be open to the public on more days each year. Officials should also let people know what the castle was like in the past because there wouldn’t be Fukuyama City itself without Fukuyama Castle.

伏見櫓(正面)~Fushimi Turret (the front) (taken by ジュンP from photo AC)
伏見櫓(裏側)~Fushimi Turret (the back)

ここに行くには~How to get There

福山城は福山駅北口(福山城口)のすぐ近くです。駅から歩いて1、2分のところです。
Fukuyama Castle is very close to the north (Fukuyama-jo) exit of Fukuyama Station. It takes about one or two minutes to walk to the castle from the station.

リンク、参考情報~Links and References

福山城博物館、福山市(Fuyama Castle Museum)
・よみがえる日本の城7、学研(Japanese Book)
・「日本の城改訂版第82号」デアゴスティーニジャパン(Japanese Book)
・「幕末維新の城/一坂太郎著」中公新書(Japanese Book)