A castle covered with great stone walls with advanced technology
Location and History
It starts as Branch of Takamatsu Castle
Marugame Castle was located on a mountain called Kame-yama which means tortoise mountain in the western part of the Sanuki Plain of Sanuki Province (what is now Kagawa Prefecture). The part of the plain has several mountains that stood out like a projection, for example, Ino-yama Mountain is known for its beautiful appearance as Sanuki-Fuji. Kame-yama Mountain is one of the mountains and much lower than the Sanuki- Fuji ( 66m vs 422m), but was more convenient for the warriors to build a castle on it.
The location of the castle
The relief map around the castle
It is said that the Nara Clan first built a fortress on Kame-yama Mountan, but a castle named Marugame Castle was built on the mountain by the Ikoma Clan in 1597. The Ikoma Clan governed Sanuki Province under the Toyotomi Clan and the Tokugawa Shogunate later between 1587 and 1640. Marugame Castle was a branch castle of Takamatsu Castle which was the home base of the Ikoma Clan. However, Marugame Castle was once abandoned in 1615 in accordance with the Law of One Castle per Province by the Tokugawa Shogunate. The castle had unfortunately been destroyed as we found the wreckage of the old stone walls when the excavation was done.
Rebuilt by Yamazaki Clan and Kyogoku Clan
After the Ikoma Clan was transferred to another due to their internal trouble in 1641, the Yamazaki Clan was given the western part of Sanuki Province by the Tokugawa Shogunate. The Yamazaki Clan was allowed to rebuild Marugame Castle for their new home base. They built the high stone walls with three tiers covering all around Kame-yama Mountain. The stone walls were also built with advanced technology and very valuable because building a new castle was basically not allowed at that time. The re-construction continued for 30 years. The Yamazaki Clan was unfortunately fired by the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1657 during the construction because they had no successor. The Kyogoku Clan following the Yamazaki Clan completed the construction building the Main Tower by 1663.
It looks like Stone Fortress
The final appearance of Marugame Castle was as the following. The Main Enclosure, the Second Enclosure and the Third Enclosure were on the mountain. All the enclosures were surrounded by the stone walls making the very high ones stick together. The Main Enclosure, which was at highest, had the Main Tower and the four Corner Turrets connected with the roofed passages called Tamon or the mud walls. The Second and Third Enclosures were below the Main Enclosure and they also had several turrets. The Inner Moat surrounded the mountain, the Main Gate was just inside the moat in the north, and the Back Gate was in the south. In addition, warriors’ houses were built outside the Inner Moat and were also surrounded by the Outer Moat.
The Kyogoku Clan governed Marugame Castle and the Marugame Domain until the end of the Edo Period. In fact, the lord of the castle lived in the Main Hall at the foot of the mountain. That was a common way for the lords of the castles in peaceful time. Anyway, Marugame Castle must have looked like a stone fortress.
今はのどかな田舎の町の中にあります。
It is in a laid-back country town.
立地と歴史~Location and History
戦略的な立地~Strategic Location
中国地方のほとんどは山地です。中世にはその山々に多くの城が築かれました。若桜鬼ヶ城は、そのうちの一つです。この城は因幡国(現在の鳥取県の一部)の鶴尾山という標高452の山の上に築かれました。そして、但馬と播磨(いずれも現在の兵庫県の一部)という2つの国への街道の結節点に当たったため、戦略的に重要視されました。 Most of Chugoku Region consists of mountain areas. In the Middle Age, many castles were built in the mountains. Wakasa-Oniga-Jo (Jo means castle) was one of them. The castle was on the top of a 452 m high mountain called Tsuruo-yama in Inaba Province (part of now Tottori Pref.). It was considered important because of its strategic location being near the route connecting two provinces, Tajima and Harima (parts of now Hyogo Pref.).
城の位置と因幡国の範囲~The location of the castle and the range of Inaba Province
戦国時代の戦い~Battle in Sengoku Period
この城は戦国時代の1575年に脚光を浴びます。以前の主君であった尼子氏を再興するために山中鹿之助が、月山富田城で戦いそこから撤退した後、若桜鬼ヶ城を乗っ取ったのです。彼の敵である毛利氏は、すぐさま反撃し、鹿之助は残念ながら再度撤退せざるを得ませんでした。 This castle was featured in 1575, “Sengoku” or Waring States Period. Shikanosuke Yamanaka who tried to revive his former master Amago clan, captured the castle after he fought at Gassan-Toda Castle and then withdrew from it. His enemy, Mori clan struke back right away and Shikanosuke unfortunately had to withdraw again.
江戸時代初期に廃城~Destroyed in early Edo Period
1581年の鳥取城の戦いの後、天下人豊臣秀吉配下の木下氏が若桜鬼ヶ城の城主となりました。1600年、徳川幕府は木下氏を山崎氏に交代させました。この両氏が、石垣を築いたり、天守を作ったりして、城を強化したと言われています。1617年、城は鳥取藩の藩主である池田氏に帰属します。ところが、池田氏は同じ年、一国一城令によりこの城を破壊することになってしまいました。 After the battle of Tottori Castle in 1581, the Kinoshita clan under the ruler Hideyoshi Toyotomi became the lord of Wakasa-Oniga-Jo. In 1600, the Tokugawa Shogunate replaced Kinoshita with the Yamazaki clan. It is said that both clans reinforced the castle by building stone walls and adding the main tower or “Tenshu”. In 1617, the castle belonged to the Ikeda clan, the lord of Tottori Domain. However, the clan had to destroy the castle on the same year, due to the law of one castle per province.
特徴~Features
城周辺の航空写真~The aerial photo of around the castle
頂上へ約1時間の道のり~About 1 hour walk to the top
現在、城跡へは車か徒歩で行きます。もし歩かれるのでしたら、3つの登り口があります。どの道を選んでも、200mの標高差を登らねばならず、約1時間はかかります。坂道や尾根を登っていくと、最初に「六角石垣」と呼ばれる石垣にたどり着きます。この石垣は頂上から延びる尾根に築かれ、本丸を守る役割がありました。 You can go to the castle ruins by car or on foot. If you go by walk, there are three trails you can use. Whichever trail you select, you have to climb a 200m elevation and this takes about one hour. After walking along the trail on slopes and ridges, you will first reach the ruins of stone walls called “Rokkaku-Ishigaki” or the Hexagon stone walls. The stone walls were built on the ridge which stretches from the top to guard the Honmaru enclosure.
更に頂上に向かって進むと、電線の柵が目に入ってきます。この柵は、夜間に本丸に入ってくる動物を防ぐために設置されています。時が過ぎ、この城の敵は変わってしまい、敵を防ぐ方法も変わったてしまったということなのでしょうか。先に進むには、電線のフックを外して入り、また元の位置に戻します。電気は昼間は流れていませんので、ご心配なく。 Going further to the top, you will see fences with electric wires. They are installed for protecting Honmaru from animals at night. The castle has had different kinds of enemies over time and the means to repulse them have changed too. You have to remove the hooks of wires and hang them up to their original positions to enter the top. Don’t worry though, the electricity is not activated during daytime.
山頂に残る遺跡~Ruins on the top
山の頂上には、本丸、二の丸、三の丸の3つの曲輪があります。石垣も残っていますが、所々破壊されていたり、崩れたりしています。頂上からの景色は素晴らしく、若桜町の街並みが見えます。昔の但馬国と播磨国の分岐点もここから眺めることができます。そのことがこの城が重要であった理由の一つでした。 The top of the mountain has three enclosures – Honmaru or the Main enclosure, Ninomaru or the Second one, and Sannomaru or the Third one. There are also stone walls ruins, but they are partly destroyed or collapsed. Historians say that it shows the state of the castle just after it was destroyed. You can get great views from the top. One of them is the view of Wakasa town. Another is the view of the junction to the routes for former Tajima and Harima Provinces. That’s one of the reasons for the importance of the castle.
その後~Later History
若桜鬼ヶ城の遺跡は長い間放置されてきました。1998年から2003年に渡る鳥取県の発掘調査により、この遺跡は破壊された状態を残す極めて稀な遺跡であることがわかりました。2008年には、国の史跡に指定されています。 The ruins of Wakasa-Oniga-Jo have been abandoned for a long time. The excavation between 1998 and 2003 by Tottori Prefecture found that the ruins are rare because they remained after destruction. They were designated as a National Historic Site in 2008.
私の感想~My Impression
この城跡は素晴らしいと思います。また若桜町も、のどかで良い雰囲気が残っています。城跡の行きか帰りかに道を歩いてみたら、見所がたくさんあります。例えば、美しくそしてよく整備された森林が見えます。それから、道端には石仏が並んでいます。素朴で、地元の人たちの信仰心を感じます。 I think the ruins of the castle are great. I also think Wakasa Town has a good laid-back atmosphere. If you walk along the road to or from the castle ruins, you can find many attractions. For example, there are beautiful and well maintained forests. You can also see some status of Buddha along the road. They look pretty and show local people’s religious faith.
町の中心部では、多くの「蔵造り」の家が続く通りがあります。これは、火災から建物を守るための伝統的建築法です。また、見事な赤瓦を使った家々もあります。その中では、特にお寺が際立っています。 In the town area, there is a street with many houses with “Kura-zukuri” or thick mortal walls. This traditional building method was used to protect buildings from fires. You can also see a lot of buildings with beautiful red roof tiles. Temples stand out in particular.
ここに行くには~How to get There
車で行く場合:鳥取自動車道の河原ICから約30分です。山頂の近くに駐車場があります。 電車の場合は、若桜鉄道の若桜駅から歩いて1時間前後かかりますが、先ほどご紹介した通り、道沿いにはたくさんの見所があります。 更には、若桜鉄道には素敵な観光列車があります。昭和時代を彷彿とさせるレトロなデザインです。町の景色を楽しみながら、ゆったり快適に電車に揺られてみるのもよいでしょう。 If you want to go there by car: It takes about 30 minutes from the Kawahara IC on Tottori Expressway. There is a parking lot near the top. When using the train, it takes around one hour on foot from Wakasa station on Wakasa Railway, but you can enjoy a lot of things along the way like I mentioned above. In addition, Wakasa Railway has fantastic tourist trains. They have a retro design inspired by the Showa Era. You can take the train relaxingly and comfortably while enjoying the view of the town.
リンク、参考情報~Links and References
・鬼ヶ城跡、若桜町公式ウェブサイト~Wakasa Town Official Website ・「よみがえる日本の城6」学研(Japanese Book) ・「尼子氏の城郭と合戦/寺村毅著」戒光祥出版(Japanese Book)